WINTER Chapter 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour

Question 1

What is the desire to associate with other people?

Answer 1

Need to affiliate

Question 2

What is social attraction to another person?

Answer 2

Interpersonal attraction

Question 3

What is a mutual exchange of feelings, thoughts, or things between people?

Answer 3

Reciprocity

Question 4

What is the process of revealing private thoughts, feelings, and one’s personal history to others?

Answer 4

Self-disclosure

Question 5

What is any exchange between two people of attention, information, affection, favours, or the like?

Answer 5

Social exchange

Question 6

What is a theory stating that rewards must exceed costs for relationships to endure?

Answer 6

Social exchange theory

Question 7

What is a personal standard used to evaluate rewards and costs in a social exchange?

Answer 7

Comparison level

Question 8

What is the term for feelings of connectedness and affection for another person?

Answer 8

Intimacy

Question 9

What is having deep emotional and/or sexual feelings for another person?

Answer 9

Passion

Question 10

What is the determination to stay in a long-term relationship with another person?

Answer 10

Commitment

Question 11

What is love that is associated with high levels of interpersonal attraction, heightened arousal, mutual absorption, and sexual desire?

Answer 11

Romantic love

Question 12

What is a form of love characterized by intimacy and commitment, but not passion?

Answer 12

Companionate love

Question 13

What is love characterized by passion and commitment, but not intimacy?

Answer 13

Fatuous love

Question 14

What is a form of love characterized by intimacy, passion, and commitment?

Answer 14

Consummate love

Question 15

What is the study of the evolutionary origins of human behaviour patterns?

Answer 15

Evolutionary psychology

Question 16

What is any behaviour that has a positive impact on other people?

Answer 16

Prosocial behaviour

Question 17

What is a specific type of prosocial behaviour motivated primarily by improving the circumstance of others?

Answer 17

Altruism

Question 18

What is a state in which people, when faced with someone who is suffering, experience a feeling state that parallels that of the other person in distress?

Answer 18

Empathy

Question 19

What is the unwillingness of bystanders to offer help during emergencies or to become involved in others’ problems?

Answer 19

Bystander effect (bystander apathy)

Question 20

What is spreading the responsibility to act among several people? It reduces the likelihood that help will be given to a person in need.

Answer 20

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 21

What is any behaviour that has a negative impact on other people?

Answer 21

Antisocial behaviour

Question 22

What is any action carried out with the intention of harming another person?

Answer 22

Aggression

Question 23

What is the deliberate and repeated use of aggression (whether verbal or physical, direct or indirect) as a tactic for dealing with everyday situations?

Answer 23

Bullying

Question 24

What is an innate impulse that directs or motivates behaviour?

Answer 24

Instinct

Question 25

What is the idea that frustration tends to lead to aggression?

Answer 25

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Question 26

What is a theory that combines learning principles with cognitive processes, socialization, and modeling, to explain behaviour?

Answer 26

Social learning theory

Question 27

What is a positive or negative attitude toward an entire group of people?

Answer 27

Prejudice

Question 28

What are oversimplified images of the traits of individuals who belong to a particular social group?

Answer 28

Social stereotypes

Question 29

What is the term for unfair actions based on stereotyping and prejudice?

Answer 29

Discrimination (in social behaviour)

Question 30

What are subtle acts of discrimination that may not be intended to hurt the victim but rather reflect a lack of awareness or sensitivity?

Answer 30

Microaggressions

Question 31

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on their race?

Answer 31

Racism

Question 32

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on their gender?

Answer 32

Sexism

Question 33

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on their age?

Answer 33

Ageism

Question 34

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on the belief that heterosexuality is better or more natural than homosexuality?

Answer 34

Heterosexism

Question 35

What is placing one's own group or race at the centre - that is, tending to reject all other groups but one's own?

Answer 35

Ethnocentrism

Question 36

What is prejudice that is conscious and clearly and publicly expressed?

Answer 36

Explicit prejudice

Question 37

What is unconscious prejudiced thoughts and feelings about members of other groups?

Answer 37

Implicit prejudice

Question 38

What is blaming a person or a group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making?

Answer 38

Scapegoating

Question 39

What is redirecting aggression to a target other than the actual source of one's frustration?

Answer 39

Displaced aggression

Question 40

What are differences in the power, prestige, or privileges of two or more people or groups?

Answer 40

Status inequalities

Question 41

What is a personality pattern characterized by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, and an excessive concern with power, authority, and obedience?

Answer 41

Authoritarian personality

Question 42

What is an unwarranted positiveness or certainty in matters of belief or opinion?

Answer 42

Dogmatism

Question 43

What is a term describing beliefs that outgroups are less human and deserve discrimination that they are subject to?

Answer 43

Dehumanization

Question 44

What is the tendency to apply social stereotypes to one's self?

Answer 44

Self-stereotyping

Question 45

What is the anxiety caused by the fear of being judged in terms of a stereotype?

Answer 45

Stereotype threat

Question 46

What is social interaction that occurs on an equal footing, without obvious differences in power or status?

Answer 46

Equal-status contact

Question 47

What is a goal that exceeds or overrides all others? It is a goal that renders other goals relatively less important.

Answer 47

Superordinate goal

Question 48

What is information that helps define a person as an individual, rather than as a member of a group or social category?

Answer 48

Individuating information

Question 49

What are beliefs that people generally get what they deserve?

Answer 49

Just-world beliefs

Question 50

What is the phenomenon where an expectation that prompts people to act in ways that make the expectation come true?

Answer 50

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 51

What is the term describing a rivalry among groups, each of which regards itself as superior to others?

Answer 51

Social competition