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Psychology > WINTER Chapter 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour > Flashcards

WINTER Chapter 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is the desire to associate with other people?

A

Need to affiliate

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2
Q

What is social attraction to another person?

A

Interpersonal attraction

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3
Q

What is a mutual exchange of feelings, thoughts, or things between people?

A

Reciprocity

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4
Q

What is the process of revealing private thoughts, feelings, and one’s personal history to others?

A

Self-disclosure

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5
Q

What is any exchange between two people of attention, information, affection, favours, or the like?

A

Social exchange

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6
Q

What is a theory stating that rewards must exceed costs for relationships to endure?

A

Social exchange theory

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7
Q

What is a personal standard used to evaluate rewards and costs in a social exchange?

A

Comparison level

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8
Q

What is the term for feelings of connectedness and affection for another person?

A

Intimacy

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9
Q

What is having deep emotional and/or sexual feelings for another person?

A

Passion

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10
Q

What is the determination to stay in a long-term relationship with another person?

A

Commitment

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11
Q

What is love that is associated with high levels of interpersonal attraction, heightened arousal, mutual absorption, and sexual desire?

A

Romantic love

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12
Q

What is a form of love characterized by intimacy and commitment, but not passion?

A

Companionate love

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13
Q

What is love characterized by passion and commitment, but not intimacy?

A

Fatuous love

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14
Q

What is a form of love characterized by intimacy, passion, and commitment?

A

Consummate love

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15
Q

What is the study of the evolutionary origins of human behaviour patterns?

A

Evolutionary psychology

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16
Q

What is any behaviour that has a positive impact on other people?

A

Prosocial behaviour

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17
Q

What is a specific type of prosocial behaviour motivated primarily by improving the circumstance of others?

A

Altruism

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18
Q

What is a state in which people, when faced with someone who is suffering, experience a feeling state that parallels that of the other person in distress?

A

Empathy

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19
Q

What is the unwillingness of bystanders to offer help during emergencies or to become involved in others’ problems?

A

Bystander effect (bystander apathy)

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20
Q

What is spreading the responsibility to act among several people? It reduces the likelihood that help will be given to a person in need.

A

Diffusion of responsibility

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21
Q

What is any behaviour that has a negative impact on other people?

A

Antisocial behaviour

22
Q

What is any action carried out with the intention of harming another person?

A

Aggression

23
Q

What is the deliberate and repeated use of aggression (whether verbal or physical, direct or indirect) as a tactic for dealing with everyday situations?

A

Bullying

24
Q

What is an innate impulse that directs or motivates behaviour?

A

Instinct

25
Q

What is the idea that frustration tends to lead to aggression?

A

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

26
Q

What is a theory that combines learning principles with cognitive processes, socialization, and modeling, to explain behaviour?

A

Social learning theory

27
Q

What is a positive or negative attitude toward an entire group of people?

A

Prejudice

28
Q

What are oversimplified images of the traits of individuals who belong to a particular social group?

A

Social stereotypes

29
Q

What is the term for unfair actions based on stereotyping and prejudice?

A

Discrimination (in social behaviour)

30
Q

What are subtle acts of discrimination that may not be intended to hurt the victim but rather reflect a lack of awareness or sensitivity?

A

Microaggressions

31
Q

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on their race?

A

Racism

32
Q

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on their gender?

A

Sexism

33
Q

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on their age?

A

Ageism

34
Q

What is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination directed against someone based solely on the belief that heterosexuality is better or more natural than homosexuality?

A

Heterosexism

35
Q

What is placing one’s own group or race at the centre - that is, tending to reject all other groups but one’s own?

A

Ethnocentrism

36
Q

What is prejudice that is conscious and clearly and publicly expressed?

A

Explicit prejudice

37
Q

What is unconscious prejudiced thoughts and feelings about members of other groups?

A

Implicit prejudice

38
Q

What is blaming a person or a group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making?

A

Scapegoating

39
Q

What is redirecting aggression to a target other than the actual source of one’s frustration?

A

Displaced aggression

40
Q

What are differences in the power, prestige, or privileges of two or more people or groups?

A

Status inequalities

41
Q

What is a personality pattern characterized by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, and an excessive concern with power, authority, and obedience?

A

Authoritarian personality

42
Q

What is an unwarranted positiveness or certainty in matters of belief or opinion?

A

Dogmatism

43
Q

What is a term describing beliefs that outgroups are less human and deserve discrimination that they are subject to?

A

Dehumanization

44
Q

What is the tendency to apply social stereotypes to one’s self?

A

Self-stereotyping

45
Q

What is the anxiety caused by the fear of being judged in terms of a stereotype?

A

Stereotype threat

46
Q

What is social interaction that occurs on an equal footing, without obvious differences in power or status?

A

Equal-status contact

47
Q

What is a goal that exceeds or overrides all others? It is a goal that renders other goals relatively less important.

A

Superordinate goal

48
Q

What is information that helps define a person as an individual, rather than as a member of a group or social category?

A

Individuating information

49
Q

What are beliefs that people generally get what they deserve?

A

Just-world beliefs

50
Q

What is the phenomenon where an expectation that prompts people to act in ways that make the expectation come true?

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

51
Q

What is the term describing a rivalry among groups, each of which regards itself as superior to others?

A

Social competition

Psychology (15 decks)

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