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Psychology > Ch 7 - Memory > Flashcards

Ch 7 - Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Mental system for receiving, encoding, storing, organizing, altering, and retrieving information.

A

What is memory?

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2
Q

Converting information into a form to be retained in memory.

A

What is encoding (in memory)?

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3
Q

Holding information in memory for later use.

A

What is storage (in memory)?

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4
Q

Recovery of stored information.

A

What is retrieval (in memory)?

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5
Q

Fleeting storage system for sensory impressions.

A

What is sensory memory?

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6
Q

A mental image or visual representation.

A

What is iconic memory?

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7
Q

A brief continuation of sensory activity in the auditory system after a sound is heard.

A

What is echoic memory?

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8
Q

Storage system used to hold small amounts of information in conscious awareness for about a dozen seconds.

A

What is short-term memory (STM)?

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9
Q

Another name for short-term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem solving.

A

What is working memory?

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10
Q

Meaningful units of information, such as numbers, letters, words, or phrases.

A

What are information bits?

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11
Q

Process of grouping similar or meaningful information together.

A

What is chunking?

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12
Q

Repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory.

A

What is maintenance rehearsal?

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13
Q

Learning by simple repetition.

A

What is rote rehearsal (rote learning)?

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14
Q

Making memories more meaningful through processing that encodes links between new information and existing memories and knowledge, either at the time of the original encoding or on subsequent retrievals.

A

What is elaborative rehearsal (elaborative encoding)?

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15
Q

Unlimited capacity storage system that can hold information over lengthy periods of time.

A

What is long-term memory (LTM)?

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16
Q

A model of memory that views it as an organized system of linked information.

A

What is a network model (of memory)?

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17
Q

Any information that can prompt or trigger the retrieval of particular memories. They usually enhance memory.

A

What is a retrieval cue?

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18
Q

Process by which memories are reconstructed or expanded by starting with one memory and then following chains of association to other, related memories.

A

What is redintegration?

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19
Q

A recollection that a person does not know exists and is retrieved unconsciously.

A

What is implicit memory?

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20
Q

Facilitating the retrieval of an implicit memory by using cues to activate hidden memories.

A

What is priming?

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21
Q

A recollection that a person is aware of having or is consciously retrieved.

A

What is explicit memory?

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22
Q

A subpart of declarative memory that records impersonal knowledge about the world.

A

What is semantic memory?

23
Q

A subpart of declarative memory that records personal experiences that are linked with specific times and places.

A

What is episodic memory?

24
Q

Process by which relatively permanent memories are formed in the brain.

A

What is consolidation?

25
Q

Part of the limbic system associated with storing memories.

A

What is the hippocampus?

26
Q

Especially vivid and detailed recollection of an emotional event.

A

What is a flashbulb memory?

27
Q

Failure to store sufficient information to form a useful memory?

A

What is encoding failure?

28
Q

The feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable.

A

What is a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state?

29
Q

Retrieval of information with a minimum of external cues.

A

What is recall?

30
Q

When remembering an ordered list, the tendency to make the most errors with middle items.

A

What is the serial position effect?

31
Q

Ability to correctly identify previously learned information.

A

What is recognition?

32
Q

Learning again something that was previously learned. Used to measure memory of prior learning.

A

What is relearning?

33
Q

Failure to access (locate) memories even though they are available (stored in memory).

A

What is retrieval failure?

34
Q

Inability to form or retrieve memories of events due to an injury or trauma.

A

What is amnesia?

35
Q

Inability to retrieve memories of events that occurred before an injury or trauma.

A

What is retrograde amnesia?

36
Q

Inability to form or retrieve memories of events that occur after an injury or trauma.

A

What is anterograde amnesia?

37
Q

Memory influenced by one’s physical state at the time of learning and at the time of retrieval. Improved memory occurs when the physical states match.

A

What is state-dependent learning?

38
Q

The tendency for new memories to impair retrieval of older memories, and the reverse.

A

What is interference?

39
Q

The tendency for new memories to interfere with the retrieval of old memories.

A

What is retroactive interference?

40
Q

The tendency for old memories to interfere with the retrieval of newer memories.

A

What is proactive interference?

41
Q

Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.

A

What is repression?

42
Q

A conscious effort to put something out of mind or to keep it from awareness.

A

What is suppression?

43
Q

Proposition that the strength of memories weakens over time, making them harder to retrieve.

A

What is decay theory?

44
Q

Physical changes in neurons or brain activity that take place when memories are stored.

A

What are memory traces?

45
Q

Proposition that memory traces weaken when memories are not periodically used or retrieved.

A

What is the Law of Disuse (in memory)?

46
Q

A memory that can seem accurate but is not.

A

What is a false memory?

47
Q

Occurs when the origins of a memory are misremembered.

A

What is source confusion (in memory)?

48
Q

Use of various cues and strategies to improve the memory of eyewitnesses.

A

What is a cognitive interview?

49
Q

A practice schedule that alternates study periods with brief rests.

A

What is spaced practice?

50
Q

A practice schedule in which studying continues for long periods, without interruption.

A

What is massed practice?

51
Q

Mental pictures or visual depictions used in memory and thinking.

A

What are mental images?

52
Q

A strategy for enhancing memory.

A

What is a mnemonic device?

53
Q

As an aid to memory, using a familiar word or image to link two terms.

A

What is the keyword method?

54
Q

The idea that people process words and mental images together better than they do words alone.

A

What is the multimedia principle?

Psychology (15 decks)

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