WK 6 Adolescence

Question 1

period of the life span between the time
puberty begins and the time adult status is
approached, when young people are
preparing to take on the roles and
responsibilities of adulthood in their culture

Answer 1

adolescence

Question 2

changes in physiology, anatomy and physical
functioning that develop a person into a
mature adult biologica ly and prepare the
body for sexual reproduction

Answer 2

puberty

Question 3

sex hormones that have especially high levels
in females from puberty onwards; they are
mostly responsible for female primary and
secondary sex characteristics

Answer 3

oestrogens

Question 4

sex hormones that have especially high levels
in males from puberty onwards; they are
mostly responsible for male primary and
secondary sex characteristics

Answer 4

androgens

Question 5

the oestrogen most important in pubertal
development among girls

Answer 5

oestradiol

Question 6

the androgen most important in pubertal
development among boys

Answer 6

testosterone

Question 7

production of eggs (ova) and sperm and the
development of the sex organs

Answer 7

primary sex characteristics

Question 8

first menstrual period

Answer 8

menarche

Question 9

beginning of development of sperm in boys’
testicles at puberty

Answer 9

spermarche

Question 10

bodily changes of puberty not directly related
to reproduction

Answer 10

secondary sex characteristics

Question 11

change in the characteristics of a population
over time

Answer 11

secular trend

Question 12

Oestradiol
.
a. is produced only in females
b. increases in females by the mid-teens
c. is an androgen important in pubertal development
d. is a sex hormone that is regulated by the amygdala

Answer 12

b. increases in females by the mid-teens

Question 13

Which of the folowing is not a secondary sex characteristic?
a. Voice deepening
b. Development of breasts
c. Female body getting more curves
d. Ovaries producing hormones to start the menstrual
cycle

Answer 13

d. Ovaries producing hormones to start the menstrual
cycle

Question 14

In regard to the onset/timing of puberty, who of the folowing is
more at risk for substance use and delinquency?
a. Late-maturing boys
b. On-time maturing boys
c. Early-maturing girls
d. Late-maturing girls

Answer 14

c. Early-maturing girls

Question 15

Tran is an 8-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in an
urban area. If one were to compare the timing of puberty for
Tran to the timing of puberty for her ancestral female lineage,
one would expect that Tran wil experience puberty
others did in her family’s history.
a. similar to when
b. younger than
c. slightly older than
d. significantly older than

Answer 15

a. similar to when

Question 16

Puberty rituals .
a. developed to mark the departure from adolescence into
emerging adulthood
b. are only carried out for females and are most often
related to menstruation
c. are declining in many cultures as a consequence of
globalisation
d. focus on a particular biological event across a l cultures

Answer 16

a. developed to mark the departure from adolescence into
emerging adulthood

Question 17

For the past 6 months Paige has tried to reduce her weight by
not eating any food. She is obsessive about counting kilojoules
in any food she does eat and she exercises for at least 1 hour
every day. Paige is most likely to have
.
a. an eating disorder
b. disordered eating
c. mental health issues
d. nothing wrong with her

Answer 17

b. disordered eating

Question 18

5. The substance use of an adolescent who drinks alcohol to
   relieve feelings of sadness and loneliness would be classified
   as .
   a. social substance use
   b. medicinal substance use
   c. experimental substance use
   d. addictive substance use

Answer 18

b. medicinal substance use

Question 19

Compared to the concrete thinking abilities displayed in
childhood, the ability to reason in adolescence .
a. utilises the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific
experiment
b. involves more random attempts at problem solving as
they persist longer
c. differs quantitatively, but not qualitatively
d. is not significantly different

Answer 19

a. utilises the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific
experiment

Question 20

7. Which of the folowing best represents the research on formal
   operational thinking across cultures?
   a. Formal operational thinking takes the same form,
   regardless of culture.
   b. Individuals in co lectivistic cultures take much longer to
   develop formal operations.
   c. Formal operational thinking only exists in developed
   countries.
   d. The way that formal operational thinking is manifested
   is likely different across different cultures.

Answer 20

d. The way that formal operational thinking is manifested
is likely different across different cultures.

Question 21

Compared to his 7-year-old brother, a 14-year-old wil have an
easier time reading a book and listening to music at the same
time because he is more adept at
.
a. using mnemonic devices consistently
b. tasks that require divided attention
c. tasks that require transfer of information from sensory
memory to short-term memory
d. maximising his metamemory

Answer 21

b. tasks that require divided attention

Question 22

Compared to his brother at university, Jonah is more likely to
think that if he starts smoking marijuana, he wil be able to quit
when he wants to and nothing bad wil happen. This way of
thinking demonstrates .
a. the personal fable
b. the imaginary audience
c. selective attention
d. hypothetical reasoning

Answer 22

a. the personal fable

Question 23

After learning to knit a simple scarf with her grandmother’s
guidance, Alexis began to knit a jumper while on break from
university. She went over to her grandmother’s once when she
had a question. By the time Alexis had to go back to university,
she had nearly finished the jumper. She finished it a few weeks
later while she was back at university, needing only one Skype
session to help her. After Alexis finished the jumper, her
grandmother mailed her a pattern so she can knit a book bag.
This i lustrates
.
a. selective attention
b. synaptic pruning
c. scaffolding
d. hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Answer 23

c. scaffolding

Question 24

Compared to schools in the West, those in Asian countries
.
a. have a shorter school day
b. are al sex-segregated
c. focus almost exclusively on rote learning
d. place a greater emphasis on creativity

Answer 24

c. focus almost exclusively on rote learning

Question 25

Adolescents in developed countries who work part time . a. are less likely to use drugs and alcohol than their non working counterparts b. have higher grades at school than other students c. usualy contribute the majority of their earnings to support the household income d. do not typicaly see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career

Answer 25

d. do not typicaly see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career

Question 26

A developmental psychologist would most likely use the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to . a. evaluate the strength of cohort differences b. examine changes in emotions at various time points c. examine how different environmental experiences affect brain development d. determine whether behavioural differences between males and females become more pronounced in the transition from childhood to adolescenc

Answer 26

b. examine changes in emotions at various time points

Question 27

Adolescents are most likely to exhibit their false selves with . a. close friends b. dating partners c. acquaintances d. parents

Answer 27

b. dating partners

Question 28

In traditional cultures, girls reach womanhood mainly through . a. their achievements b. the same means that males reach manhood c. their biological changes d. protecting their young

Answer 28

c. their biological changes

Question 29

Research on Kohlberg’s stages of moral development has shown that . a. the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age b. over time, people regress to an earlier stage of moral reasoning c. people often skip stages and advance to the highest stage in adulthood d. the majority of people reach Stage 5: community right and individual rights orientatio

Answer 29

a. the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age

Question 30

first level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, in which moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments

Answer 30

preconventional reasoning

Question 31

second level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, in which moral reasoning is based on the expectations of others

Answer 31

conventional reasoning

Question 32

third level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, in which moral reasoning is based on the individual’s own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or righ

Answer 32

postconventional reasoning

Question 33

Evelyn attends her local church each week and regularly prays and reads religious texts. Her religious faith is important to her and shapes how she lives her life. She is most likely to have what type of religious worldview? a. This-worldly b. Religiously committed c. Seeking d. spiritual but not religious

Answer 33

b. Religiously committed

Question 34

In Western countries, conflict with parents . a. remains constant during adolescence b. steadily increases until the end of emerging adulthood c. declines in late adolescence d. is highest during middle childhood

Answer 34

b. steadily increases until the end of emerging adulthood

Question 35

Who comprises the source of adolescents’ happiest experiences? a. Friends b. Parents c. Extended family d. Siblings

Answer 35

a. Friends

Question 36

On the basis of anthropological evidence, New Zealand would be considered a(n) culture in terms of its cultural beliefs about the acceptability (or not) of premarital sex. a. permissive b. authoritarian c. semi-restrictive d. restrictive

Answer 36

c. semi-restrictive

Question 37

Research on the media use of adolescents . a. has found that only females report that they enjoy the social aspect of gaming b. has found that adolescents in industrialised countries use media for about 2 hours every day c. has focused primarily on the benefits, such as increasing problem-solving ability and strategising d. has shown that the content of electronic games is related to their emotional responses

Answer 37

b. has found that adolescents in industrialised countries use media for about 2 hours every day

Question 38

Which of the folowing best describes the relationships between age and crime? a. Adolescents are less likely than adults to commit crimes because they do not have enough opportunity to do so. b. Adolescents are less likely to be the victims of crime than children or adults are. c. Adolescents are likely to commit crimes alone because they worry about their reputation if they get caught. d. A smal percentage of adolescents commit the majority of crimes

Answer 38

d. A small percentage of adolescents commit the majority of crimes

Question 39

Which of the folowing statements about depression is most accurate? a. Rates of major depressive disorder are higher among adolescents than rates of depressed mood. b. Psychotherapy alone was as effective in treating adolescent depression as psychotherapy combined with medication. c. Rates of depressed mood rise substantialy from middle childhood to adolescence. d. Boys are more likely than girls to show increases in depressed mood during adolescence.

Answer 39

c. Rates of depressed mood rise substantialy from middle childhood to adolescence.

Question 40

Research on resilience has shown that . a. bouncing back from adversity requires a high level of achievement and extraordinary abilities b. high inte ligence characterises many individuals who are considered resilient c. as a group, girls are more resilient than boys d. parenting has no influence on resilience

Answer 40

b. high inte ligence characterises many individuals who are considered resilient