WK 7 Emerging and Young Adullthood Flashcards

(119 cards)

1
Q

Emerging adulthood is described as a time of
a. identity explorations
b. instability
c. self-focus
d. Al of the above.

A

d. Al of the above.

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2
Q
  1. According to Arnett, four revolutionary changes took place in
    the that laid the foundation for the new life
    stage of emerging adulthood.
    a. 1960s and 1970s
    b. 1980s and 1990s
    c. 1990s and 2000s
    d. past decade
A

a. 1960s and 1970s

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3
Q

An emerging adult answered the question ‘What is the most
important criterion for becoming an adult?’ with the response
of ‘becoming capable of supporting my parents financialy’.
This person is most likely from .
a. Germany
b. France
c. Australia
d. Japan

A

d. Japan

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4
Q

Four revolutionary changes took place in the 1960s and
1970s that laid the foundation for the new life stage of emerging
adulthood:

A

Technology Revolution,

Sexual Revolution,

Women’s Movement

Youth Movement

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5
Q

When asked about the most important criteria for becoming an
adult, an emerging adult from a Western country is most likely
to say.
a. getting married
b. having a child
c. being financia ly independent
d. moving out of their parents’ house

A

c. being financia ly independent

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6
Q

Research has shown that in developing countries,
are more likely to experience emerging
adulthood.
a. young people in urban areas
b. females
c. young people from divorced families
d. young people who are true to their traditional heritage

A

a. young people in urban areas

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7
Q

most people in ————-countries experience a stage of
emerging adulthood from their late teens to at least their mid-20s,
before entering a more stable young adulthood at around age 30

A

developed

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8
Q

Emerging adulthood is a
time of:
1. ——explorations
2. ———-
3. —— -focus
4. feeling ———–
5. ————/optimism.

A
  1. identity explorations
  2. instability
  3. self-focus
  4. feeling in-between
  5. possibilities/optimism.
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9
Q

——- is the region where emerging adulthood lasts the longest and
is most leisurely.

A

Europe

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10
Q

“This sense
of family obligation may curtail their identity explorations in emerging
adulthood to some extent, as they pay more heed to their parents’
wishes about what they should study and what job they should take
and where they should live than emerging adults do in the West” would be an experience of which culture

A

Asain Culture

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11
Q

ability of the body to take in oxygen and
transport it to various organs; also ca led
maximum oxygen update

A

VO2 max

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12
Q

Emerging adulthood is the life stage of peak physical functioning,
when the body is at its zenith of health, strength and vigour. Physical
stamina is often measured in terms of

A

VO2 Max

MAximum Oxygen Uptake

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13
Q

quantity of blood flow from the heart

A

cardiac output

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14
Q

Emerging adulthood is also the period of the life span with the least
susceptibility to ——- ——–

A

physical i lnesses

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15
Q

The areas of heightened
risk in emerging adulthood include

A

car accidents and substance
abuse, and risks associated with sexual
activity, including sexua ly transmitted infections (STIs)

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16
Q

This syndrome entails a pattern of sleeping far
longer on weekends and holidays than on school or work days, which
leads to poor academic and job performance as wel as excessive
sleepiness during school and work days.

A

delayed sleep phase syndrome (Gradisar & Crowley ;
Jaquez et al. ).

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17
Q

Europeans from
childhood to late adulthood concluded that children tend towards
——-; however, in the course of adolescence and the early
part of emerging adulthood, the balance shifts towards ——–,
with the peak coming at about ages 20–21 (slightly earlier for women than for men)

A

morningness

eveningness

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18
Q

preference for going to bed early and waking
up early

A

morningness

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19
Q

preference for going to bed late and waking
up late

A

eveningness

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20
Q

nAME SLEEP PROMOTING HABITS

A

waking at the same time each day
getting regular exercise
taking late-afternoon naps
limiting caffeine intake
avoiding excessive alcohol intake
turning off a l technology at night

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21
Q

Grip strength, cardiac output, maximum oxygen uptake and
bone density al peak during what time period?
a. The early teen years
b. The 20s
c. The 30s
d. The 40s

A

b. The 20s

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22
Q

Which of the folowing statements about the health of emerging
adults is most accurate?

a. Most emerging adults experience an increased
susceptibility to physical i lness due to the increased
stressors associated with this developmental period.
b. Exercise tends to decline from adolescence to
emerging adulthood, but overal this is a healthy stage
of life.
c. Emerging adults are at a high risk of getting cancer and
heart disease.
d. The immune system is least effective during emerging
adulthood

A

b. Exercise tends to decline from adolescence to
emerging adulthood, but overal this is a healthy stage
of life.

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23
Q

According to research (Brown et al., 2002), university students
are more than twice as likely as other adults to report
.
a. taking naps
b. insomnia
c. delayed sleep phase syndrome
d. restless leg syndrome

A

c. delayed sleep phase syndrome

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24
Q

Which of the folowing do sleep experts NOT reccomend
achieve good sleep hygiene?
a. Waking at the same time each day
b. Getting regular exercise
c. Faling asleep to the television
d. Taking afternoon naps

A

c. Faling asleep to the television

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25
Which of the folowing statements best summarises the current research on university students’ sleep patterns? a. Although they cause a number of ailments, sleep problems are relatively rare among university students. b. Preferences for morningness and eveningness change with age. c. Although incurring a sleep debt can result in changes in mood, it does not affect cognitive functioning. d. Most emerging adults tend towards morningness after their first year of university
. Preferences for morningness and eveningness change with age.
26
restraints on behaviour imposed by social obligations and relationships
social control
27
Across developed countries, the most serious threat to the lives and health of adolescents and emerging adults comes from -----
driving
28
However, studies have also concluded that inexperience is not the only factor involved. The time that most young adults achieve their driving licence coincides with reduced ------ --- ------ and increased ------.
oversight by parents autonomy
29
Emerging adults are also more likely than older drivers to report -------- ------- ------ -------- of alcohol.
driving under the influence
30
the most effective approach is a program of restricted driving privileges ca led ------------------
graduated driver licensing (GDL)
31
consuming five or more drinks in a row for men, four in a row for women
binge drinking
32
overcoming adverse environmental circumstances and achieving healthy development despite those circumstances
resilience
33
education or training beyond secondary school
tertiary education
34
Q: What age range typically defines emerging adulthood?
A: Approximately ages 18–25, ending around 30 depending on cultural markers
35
Q: Name the five developmental features of emerging adulthood.
A: Identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and possibilities/optimism
36
in Erikson’s theory, the crisis of adolescence, with two alternative paths,
identity versus role confusion establishing a clear and definite identity or experiencing role confusion, which is a failure to form a stable and secure identity
37
model for researching Erikson’s theory of identity development, classifying identity development into four categories: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium or achievement
identity status model
38
an identity status that combines no exploration with no commitment. no commitments have been made among the choices available to them. Furthermore, no exploration is taking place. The person in this status is not seriously attempting to sort through potential choices and make enduring commitments
Diffusion
39
identity status of actively trying out different personal, occupational and ideological possibilities in order for adolescents to determine which of the available possibilities are best suited to them
Moratorium
40
status of identity where have not experimented with a range of possibilities but have nevertheless committed themselves to certain choices—commitment, but no exploration. This is often a result of their parents’ strong influence.
foreclosure Marcia and most other scholars tend to see exploration as a necessary part of forming a healthy identity, and therefore see foreclosure as unhealthy..
41
Identity status of young people who have made definite personal, occupational and ideological choices. By definition, preceded by a period of in which exploration takes place.
achievement If commitment takes place without exploration, it is considered identity foreclosure rather than identity achievement.
42
43
What are the four revolutions that led to emerging adulthood as a distinct life stage?
The Technology Revolution, Sexual Revolution, Women’s Movement, and Youth Movement
44
Which feature is considered the most distinctive in emerging adulthood?
Identity exploration
45
Why is instability a common feature during emerging adulthood?
Frequent changes in relationships, jobs, and residence while exploring adult roles
46
How does emerging adulthood differ across cultures?
Most prolonged in Europe, emerging in urban areas of developing countries, more family-focused in Asian countries
47
Why does substance use peak in the early 20s?
Due to low social control and high opportunity for unstructured socialising
48
What type of resilience factors are important in emerging adulthood?
High intelligence, one caring adult, healthy school environment, and religiosity
49
What health risks are prominent during emerging adulthood?
Risky driving, substance use, and poor sleep and nutrition
50
How is 'feeling in-between' experienced during emerging adulthood?
Many feel neither like adolescents nor fully adult, often due to delayed adult role transitions
51
According to Erikson, what is the key psychosocial task of young adulthood?
Intimacy vs Isolation
52
What does Erikson mean by intimacy?
The ability to form an enduring, committed relationship without losing one’s own identity
53
How is identity related to intimacy according to Erikson?
A solid identity is often a precursor to forming healthy intimacy
54
What are Sternberg’s three components of love?
Passion, intimacy, and commitment
55
At what stage does creativity typically peak?
Often during young adulthood, after expertise has been developed
56
How is expertise defined in developmental psychology?
Extensive knowledge and skills in a specific field, often taking 10 years to acquire
57
What life events usually characterise young adulthood?
Marriage, parenthood, stable employment, and career establishment
58
What is the cultural variability in defining adulthood?
Developed countries emphasise independence; traditional cultures may mark adulthood with marriage or parenthood
59
How does becoming a parent affect emotional development?
It transforms social roles and introduces new sources of joy, stress, and identity
60
What gender differences exist in developing intimacy?
Females may prioritise intimacy earlier; males often form identity first
61
When does peak physical functioning typically occur?
During emerging adulthood (late teens to mid-20s)
62
What lifestyle factors reduce health during emerging adulthood?
Poor diet, lack of sleep, stress, and substance use
63
How does sleep change during university years?
Students often have erratic sleep schedules and accumulate sleep debt
64
What contributes to high accident rates among young drivers?
Inexperience and risk-taking behaviours, reduced by GDL programs
65
Why is regular exercise important in young adulthood?
It promotes physical health, mental wellbeing, and prevents obesity
66
How do cultural beliefs shape views of adulthood?
Collectivist cultures value family roles; individualist cultures emphasise independence
67
What defines adulthood in traditional cultures?
Often marked by marriage or financial support of family
68
How does singlehood differ across cultures?
In Western cultures, singlehood is increasingly accepted; in others, marriage is a social expectation
69
What changes have occurred in patterns of partnerships?
Increase in cohabitation and diverse relationship structures, including LGBTIQ+ visibility
70
What predicts marital satisfaction in Western cultures?
Communication, shared interests, and equitable division of tasks
71
When is career identity usually consolidated?
In the late 20s to 30s, once people gain expertise and commit to a path
72
What theory links career development to personality?
Super’s theory of occupational development
73
How is intelligence culturally conceptualised?
Western cultures emphasise analytical skills; others value social responsibility and harmony
74
What is the role of IQ in predicting adult success?
Childhood IQ predicts income and occupational status in adulthood
75
What is the relationship between creativity and age?
Creativity often peaks in young adulthood but varies by field
76
What factors increase creativity in young adulthood?
Accumulated expertise, openness to experience, and tolerance for ambiguity
77
What is the 'self-focused' feature of emerging adulthood?
A time of focusing on personal development before taking on adult responsibilities
78
What does 'possibilities/optimism' refer to in emerging adulthood?
Belief that life holds many directions and potential for change
79
Why is emerging adulthood considered a critical period for resilience?
Opportunities for new identities, support, and growth despite past adversity
80
How do eveningness and social schedules conflict during emerging adulthood?
Biological tendency for late nights clashes with early academic/work expectations
81
identity with two distinct facets; for example, one for the local culture and one for the global culture, or one within one’s ethnic group and one for others
bicultural identity
82
identity with two distinct facets; for example, one for the local culture and one for the global culture, or one within one’s ethnic group and one for others
bicultural identity
83
unmarried romantic partners living together
cohabitation
84
immune cels produced by the thymus that fight disease in the body
T cells
85
immune cels that originate in bone marrow and produce antibodies that destroy bacteria and viruses
B cells
86
amount of energy the body uses when at rest
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
87
exercise that involves vigorous movement that substantia ly elevates the heart rate for at least 30 minutes
aerobic exercise
88
brain chemicals that provide a pleasurable feeling and increase welbeing
endorphins
89
ability to put ideas or materials together in new, cultura ly meaningful ways
creativity
90
in Erikson’s life-span theory, the central emotional and psychosocial issue of young adulthood, in which the chalenge is to unite the newly formed identity with another person in an enduring, committed, intimate relationship
intimacy versus isolation
91
Sternberg’s theory that different types of love involve combining three fundamental qualities in different ways:passion, intimacy and commitmen
triangular theory of love
92
cultural tradition in which men have more than one wife
polygyny
93
economic requirement for marriage that involves a substantial gift of money or property from the groom and his kin to the bride and her kin
bride price
94
bride service marital arrangement in which the groom is obligated to work for the bride’s family for a designated period before and/or after the marriage
bride service
95
marriage custom that transfers money or property from the bride’s family to the groom and his family
dowry
96
according to Barbara Whitehead, the type of divorce common in the West today, in which people expect marriage to fulfil their emotional needs for love and intimacy, and they seek a divorce if it ceases to do so
expressive divorce
97
negative stereotypes of single people that lead to them being discriminated against and treated dismissively
singlism
98
term for the domestic work that women must perform after they complete their shift in the workplace
second shift
99
100
What marks the transition to young adulthood in most cultures?
Marriage
101
Which three criteria are most widely used in the United States to define adulthood?
Accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, becoming financially independent
102
What is the most common cause of death in young adulthood worldwide?
Automobile accidents
103
According to Erikson, what is the central conflict of young adulthood?
Intimacy versus isolation
104
What is the term for the ability to combine logical thinking with practical experience?
Pragmatism
105
Which type of love includes passion and commitment but not intimacy, according to Sternberg’s theory?
Fatuous love
106
What is the most important factor in mate selection across cultures?
Mutual attraction—love
107
What is the trend in age of marriage and parenthood in developed countries?
It is occurring later than in previous generations
108
Which form of intelligence is likely to peak in young adulthood?
Fluid intelligence
109
What has contributed to the rise in cohabitation rates in many countries?
Changing social norms and delay in marriage
110
What are the common features of emerging adulthood according to Arnett?
Identity exploration, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and possibilities/optimism
111
How do rates of obesity in young adulthood compare between developed and developing countries?
Higher in developed countries due to sedentary lifestyles and diet
112
What type of love includes all three components of Sternberg’s theory?
Consummate love
113
What are some benefits of higher education for young adults?
Higher earnings, lower unemployment, and cognitive growth
114
Why might young adults delay marriage or childbearing?
Educational and career goals, financial reasons, and changing societal expectations
115
What role does social media play in romantic relationship formation in young adulthood?
Facilitates meeting partners and maintaining relationships
116
What is the relationship between attachment styles and adult romantic relationships?
Secure attachment is linked to healthier, more stable relationships
117
How does young adulthood differ in collectivistic versus individualistic cultures?
Collectivistic cultures emphasise family roles and obligations; individualistic cultures emphasise independence
118
How do gender roles influence career decisions in young adulthood?
Social expectations and gender stereotypes can affect career paths and job satisfaction
119
What are common mental health issues in young adulthood?
Anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders