***WK6-7 Quiz Middle Childhood & Adolescence Flashcards
(37 cards)
Beyond the development of mnemonic devices and a greater capacity for selective attention, adolescents’ long-term memory is also enhanced by ____.
Question 1Select one:
a.
a greater amount of experience and knowledge of the world
b.
a greater amount of testosterone, which has been shown to enhance memory
c.
their ability to think concretely and egocentrically about the world
d.
their ability to question their parents and the world around them
a.
a greater amount of experience and knowledge of the world
____ is how persons view themselves in relation to others with regard to status, abilities or achievements.
Question 2Answer
a.
Animism
b.
Assimilation
c.
Social comparison
d.
Self-concept
c.
Social comparison
Which of the following best describes the classification of experimental substance use?
Question 3Select one:
a.
Trying a substance once or perhaps a few times out of curiosity and then not using it again
b.
The use of a substance during social activities with one or more friends
c.
Using a substance to relieve an unpleasant emotional state such as sadness, anxiety, stress or loneliness
d.
When a person has become dependent on regular use of the substance to feel good physically or psychologically
a.
Trying a substance once or perhaps a few times out of curiosity and then not using it again
____ is the ability to move quickly and precisely, whereas ____ is the response to changing information.
Question 4Answer
a.
Agility; reaction time
b.
Reaction time; agility
c.
Coordination; strength
d.
Strength; coordination
a.
Agility; reaction time
Alfredo is a high school student whose circle of friends includes about six other people. They all know each other well and spend most of their time together, from sharing lunch in the cafeteria every day to hanging out on the basketball courts after school and on weekends. What type of group is this?
Question 5Select one:
a.
Clique
b.
Crowd
c.
Gang
d.
Family
a.
Clique
During adolescence, neurological overproduction or exuberance occurs throughout the brain; however, it is especially pronounced in the ____.
Question 6Select one:
a.
frontal lobes
b.
occipital lobe
c.
primary motor cortex
d.
hypothalamus
a.
frontal lobes
Now scientists have learned that a
sharp increase in synaptic connections occurs around the time
puberty begins (10–12 years), a process caled overproduction or
synaptic exuberance. Earlier studies had shown that overproduction
occurs during prenatal development and through the first 3 years of
life, but now it turns out that overproduction occurs in early
adolescence as wel (Giedd et al., 2015). Overproduction of synaptic
connections occurs in many parts of the brain during adolescence but
is especia ly concentrated in the frontal lobes (Keating ).
Which of the following are the two keys to cognition in the information-processing approach?
Question 7Select one:
a.
Attention and memory
b.
Mneumonic strategies and synaptic pruning
c.
Parietal and occipital lobes
d.
Visual images and the management of cognitive load
a.
Attention and memory
Your neighbour is concerned that her teenage daughter has an eating disorder. You are not so sure, since her daughter is of normal weight. If her daughter does have an eating disorder, what is the most likely possibility?
Question 8Select one:
a.
Bulimia nervosa
b.
Anorexia nervosa
c.
Over-exercise
d.
Pica
a.
Bulimia nervosa
(normal weight)
Which of the following best describes the overall conclusion of research that used the Experience Sampling Method to measure the emotional state of adolescence in the United States?
Question 9Answer
a.
Adolescence is often a time of emotional volatility
b.
Adolescence is often a time of emotional stability
c.
Adolescence is often a time of intellectual stagnation
d.
Adolescence is often a time of intellectual volatility
a.
Adolescence is often a time of emotional volatility
The Growing Up in Australia study found that ______ of children had experienced name calling, social exclusion and/or physical aggression at least once in the past year.
Question 10Answer
a.
15%
b.
37%
c.
59%
d.
66%
c.
59%
____ attention is the ability to focus on relevant information while screening out information that is irrelevant.
Question 11Answer
a.
Selective
b.
Divided
c.
Inattentive
d.
Lateralised
a.
Selective
During this stage, Piaget proposes, children become capable of using mental operations, which allow them to organise and manipulate information mentally instead of relying on physical and sensory associations.
Question 12Answer
a.
Sensorimotor
b.
Preoperations
c.
Concrete operations
d.
Formal operations
d.
Formal operations
Ramon engages in discrete periods of binge eating and he feels as if he cannot control himself. After each binge episode, his guilt is extremely high and he feels compelled to exercise relentlessly. Typically, after a binge episode, he will spend 2 hours at the gym and another hour running. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Ramon might manifest ____.
Question 13Answer
a.
a feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood
b.
pica
c.
bulimia nervosa
d.
anorexia nervosa
c.
bulimia nervosa
Which of the following best describes Kohlberg’s pre-conventional level of moral reasoning?
Question 14Select one:
a.
Moral reasoning is based on the individual’s own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right.
b.
What is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities.
c.
Rules should be obeyed to avoid punishment from those in authority.
d.
Moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments.
d.
Moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments.
ou and your father are having an argument regarding ethics. You are arguing that as long as people do no harm to anyone else, their behaviour is ethical. Your father argues that people have responsibilities in the family, community and other groups that have to be considered and evaluated before a behaviour is considered ethical. Jensen would argue that your father is using what worldview to determine ethical behaviour?
Question 15Select one:
a.
The ethic of autonomy
b.
The ethic of community
c.
The ethic of individualism
d.
The ethic of divinity
b.
The ethic of community
According to David Elkind, adolescents believe that their personal experiences and personal destinies are historically new and unique. What did Elkind call this phenomenon?
Question 16Answer
a.
Egocentrism
b.
The imaginary audience
c.
The personal fable
d.
The adolescent growth spurt
c.
The personal fable
What type of delinquent individuals show no signs of problems in infancy or childhood, and few of them engage in any criminal activity after their mid-20s?
Question 17Select one:
a.
Adolescence-limited delinquents
b.
Life-course-persistent delinquents
c.
Lifetime-chronic delinquents
d.
Acute delinquents
a.
Adolescence-limited delinquents
Your high-school-aged sister is one of the school’s best sprinters and she’s also a starting forward on two different soccer teams. During free periods, she spends time in the weight room with her teammates and coaches. Your family and other students at her school consider her a jock. What type of group does being a jock signify that she’s a member of?
Question 18Answer
a.
Clique
b.
Crowd
c.
Friends
d.
Family
b.
Crowd
Which of the following are the two largest criticisms of Piaget’s theory of formal operations?
Question 19Select one:
a.
There are individual differences and cultural variations.
b.
There are neurological differences and social stratification.
c.
There are developmental sequencing and continued neurological migration.
d.
There are immeasurable and invalid variables.
a.
There are individual differences and cultural variations.
Which of the following best describes Kohlberg’s post-conventional level of moral reasoning?
Question 20Answer
a.
Moral reasoning is based on the individual’s own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right.
b.
What is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities.
c.
Rules should be obeyed to avoid punishment from those in authority.
d.
Moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments.
a.
Moral reasoning is based on the individual’s own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right.
In part, why do children in middle childhood improve their emotional self-regulation?
Question 1Answer
a.
Neurologically they are more mature.
b.
They are severely punished if they act emotionally immature.
c.
Their environment requires it.
d.
Their hormone levels are completely stable at this time in development.
c.
Their environment requires it.
With respect to pubertal development, the most important oestrogen is _________ and the most important androgen is _______.
Question 2Select one:
a.
dopamine; serotonin
b.
oestradiol; testosterone
c.
cortisol; relaxin
d.
thalamus; hypothalamus
b.
oestradiol; testosterone
Carlos can be best described as a resilient adolescent. Against all odds, he has graduated from high school and is enrolled in university. He comes from a lower socio-economic status and a harsh neighbourhood, and he is the first in his family to graduate from high school and attend university. Which of the following are three protective factors we can assume Carlos possesses?
Question 3Select one:
a.
High intelligence, warm but controlling parents and a social network of caring adults
b.
High religious involvement, an easy going temperament and an avoidant attachment
c.
High sociability, high emotional quotient and average intelligence
d.
High parental control, a difficult temperament and high intelligence
a.
High intelligence, warm but controlling parents and a social network of caring adults
The ____ self is your self-conception, and ____ selves are the different people you could become in the future depending on your choices and experiences.
Question 4Select one:
a.
ideal; feared
b.
feared; ideal
c.
possible; actual
d.
actual; possible
d.
actual; possible
