Wk4: Social Cognition Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define Social Cognition
Thoughts, beliefs, perceptions (cognitions) about people and society (social)
What is the Naïve Scientist
Cognitive approach to the social world in a slow, deliberate, and conscious manner,
* go through a process of learning like scientists
What is the Cognitive Miser
Cognitive approach to the social world in a rapid, automatic, and unconscious manner
What is the Motivated Tactician
Cognitive approach that combines the naïve scientist and cognitive miser; we think about the social world slowly and deliberately when motivated, otherwise it is rapid, automatic
Define Person Schema
The schema we have about individual people, formed through:
* Observation/ interaction
* Information
* Heuristics and biases
Define Implicit Personality Theories
Theories that assume we hold implicit beliefs about what personality traits correlate the most, formed through prev experience/ knowledge
Implied personality traits based on other personality traits
Define Social Group Schemas
Our assumption of a persons personality traits inferred from the traits of a social group they appear to be part of. I.e. stereotypes (from experience or not)
Facial Appearance influences assumptions of a persons…
- Likability
- Trustworthiness
- Competence
- Aggression
- etc.
Influences prejudice and job related outcomes
Define speech style
- Language, accent, and other vocal attributes
- They mark group boundaries
What are “Thin Slices”?
Brief part of a behaviour - a “thin slice” of a persons tendencies, actions, speech, etc.
What can be determined from thin slices?
- Personality
- Other psych attributes (SE, intelligence, sociosexuality)
- Psychpathy of prison inmates
- Salesperson efficacy
- Romantic interest
- Deception
Define Behaviour Attribution
Whether the action is attributed to internal or external factors,
* determined by distinctiveness, consensus, consistency
* guided by discounting and augmentation principles
What is Internal Attribution
Attributing to a persons disposition/ actions
What is External Attribution
Attributing to a persons environment/ context
Define Covariation model
The model used to determine whether a trait is internally or externally attributed; includes distinctiveness, consistency, consensus
Multiple (co)variables determine attribution
What is distinctiveness? (Attribution)
The extent a behaviour distinctly occurs in specific situations; the more specific the situation the behaviour occurs, it is attributable to the environment
* Low = external
* High = internal
What is consistency? (Attribution)
The extent to which a behaviour is consistently repeated over time; the more the action occurs, it is attributable to the person
* Low = external
* High = internal
What is consensus? (Attribution)
The extent to which others behave similarly in the same context; if there is consensus of action, it is attributable to the environment
* Low = internal
* High = external
What is the discounting principle?
Minor factors attributed to an action are discounted when major factors are present, i.e. the major factor is almost considered the only factor
What is the augmentation principle?
Factors attributed to an action in spite of behavioural inhibitors are given greater importance
Define the two order effects
Primacy: items presented first more likely to be remembered
Recency: items presented most recently/ last more likely to be remembered
Define the two valence effects
Positive: globally positive impression formed in absence of negative info - prone to change when provided with negative info.
Negative: globally negative impression formed when any (even one item) of negative information is present
Why are we biased towards negative impressions?
Unusual and distinctive, attracts our attention.
Signifies potential danger, survival value.
Define the self-fulfilling prophecy
When an expectation changes a person’s behaviour to make the expectation a more likely outcome
E.g. think you’ll flunk a test, so you don’t study, and thus fail. So study fucker.
