Wk7: Social Influence

Question 1

Audience Effects

Answer 1

Differences in performance that occur when a person is perceived compared to alone.

Question 2

Social Facilitation

Answer 2

Audience effect
Improved performance with observation
Facilitated performance in social situations
Occurs with well-known, easy tasks

Question 3

Social Inhibition

Answer 3

Audience effect
Worsened performance with observation
Inhibited performance in social situations
Occurs with novel, difficult tasks

Question 4

Drive Theory

Answer 4

Proposes presence of others increases arousal
Increased arousal energises dominant/ habitual response
Dominant response is correct or incorrect for learned or difficult tasks, respectively

Question 5

Evaluation Apprehension Theory

Answer 5

The feeling one is being socially judged produced evaluation apprehension
Evaluation apprehension causes arousal
NOT mere presence of others

Question 6

Watching Eyes effect

Answer 6

The implication we may be observed causes evaluation apprehension - causes audience effects
This extends to drawings of eyes; reminder others may be watching

Question 7

Necessary conditions for Social Learning Theory

Answer 7

Attention: awareness of behaviour
Retention: remember the behaviour
Reproduction: recreate the behaviour
Motivation: desire to do behaviour

To to anything we need to know, remember, recreate, and DO the behaviour

Question 8

Social Norms

Answer 8

Social rules for certain contexts
Usually unspoken
At expense of ones own judgement

Question 9

Define Conformity

Answer 9

Alter behaviour to align with social norms

Question 10

Conformity Processes

Answer 10

• Informational
• Normative
  Why we conform; purpose of conformity

Question 11

Informational Conformity Process

Answer 11

• Conform to others because we believe they are correct and know better than us
• “I’m copying them because it looks like they know what they’re doing”

Question 12

Normative Conformity Process

Answer 12

• Conform to others because we want to be liked, accepted, or avoid disapproval by the group
• Even if it challenges our beliefs
• “I’m copying them because I want them to like me”

Question 13

Types of conformity

Answer 13

• Descriptive norms
• Injunctive norms
  How we conform; what aspects of the social environment we conform to

Question 14

Conformity to descriptive norms

Answer 14

• How others are behaving
• Imitating others behaviours

Question 15

Conformity to injunctive norms

Answer 15

• How others ought to behave
• Acting how others want/ expect us to behave

Question 16

Factors affecting conformity

Answer 16

• Group unanimity
• Identification with group
• Self-monitoring
• Culture

Question 17

Group Unanimity

Conformity factor

Answer 17

• Factor affecting conformity
• Consistency of group actions/ attitudes
• If everyone agrees

Question 18

Identification with group

Conformity factor

Answer 18

• Factor affecting conformity
• Group membership, low or high

Question 19

Self-monitoring

Conformity factor

Answer 19

• Factor affecting conformity
• Ability to alter behaviour to conform, low or high

Question 20

Culture

Conformity factor

Answer 20

• Factor affecting conformity
• Collectivist values conformity more than individualist

Question 21

Humanity

Conformity factor

Answer 21

• Factor affecting conformity
• Adults do not imitate robots
• Children sometimes imitate robots

Question 22

Minority Influence

Answer 22

Instance where a minority influences the opinions of the majority

Question 23

Factors affecting minority influence

Answer 23

• Consistency
• Flexibility
• Cohesiveness

Question 24

Compliance

Answer 24

The desired response to coercion from others

Question 25

Factors of compliance

Answer 25

* Social commitment * Power

Question 26

Types of Power | Compliance factor

Answer 26

* Reward * Referent * Coersive * Connection * Informational * Expert * Legitimate

Question 27

Reward power

Answer 27

When the asker has the power to offer the subject a reward for compliance

Question 28

Coercive power

Answer 28

When the asker has the power to punish the subject for non-compliance

Question 29

Legitimate power

Answer 29

When the asker has the authority to make the decision for the subject; usually includes reward and coercive power

Question 30

Expert power

Answer 30

When the asker has greater expertise than the subject

Question 31

Informational power

Answer 31

When the subject compliees because the asker has information - relevant to the request - the subject wants to know - the subject wants to keep private

Question 32

Connection power

Answer 32

When the subject complies because the asker has connections to influential/ important people - to gain connections - to avoid bad reputation

Question 33

Referent power

Answer 33

When the asker is liked or respected by the subject

Question 34

Social Commitment | Compliance factor

Answer 34

Elicits a social pressure to follow through on tasks When you make a social commitment, you’ve made a promise to someone. We follow through because: - we dislike inconsistency - prevent hypocrisy accusations

Question 35

Obedience

Answer 35

Performing an action under direct request of an authority figure

Question 36

Situational factors of obedience

Answer 36

Personal responsibility Closeness (intimacy) of learner Closeness (intimacy) of experimenter Conformity Personality: "dark" traits more disobedient

Question 37

Leadership

Answer 37

Process of social influence which an individual enlists and mobilises aid for a collective goal

Question 38

Great Person Theory

Answer 38

* Assumes leaders are born, not made * Research shows people believe this * Research shows it is false

Question 39

Describe transactional leadership

Answer 39

* Transaction of leadership for resources/ goals * Useful for short-term goals

Question 40

Define transformational leadership

Answer 40

* Leader transforms group to attain actions and goals * Based in charisma * Creates shared vision for followers to generate motivation

Question 41

Dimensions of transformational leadership

Answer 41

* Inspirational motivation: charismatic goal * Intellectual stimulation * Individualised consideration * Idealised influence: lead by example I want to (motiv), I can do (stim), it helps me (individual), cause we follow you (influence)

Question 42

Define Identity leadership

Answer 42

* Social identity approach * Leaders who create a sense of "us" or "we"

Question 43

Dimensions of identity leadership

Answer 43

* Identity entrepreneurship: sense of "us" * Identity prototypicallity: sense of belonging * Identity advancement: doing it for us * Identity impresarioship: making us matter Make an us, belong to us, do it for us, to make us matter