Wk9: Groups and Belonging Flashcards
(36 cards)
Belongingness Hypothesis
Human drive to maintain lasting, positive, significant interpersonal relationships
Ostracism
Being ignored/ socially excluded
Consequences of ostracism
- Psychological distress
- Negative affect
- Social pain
- Dehumanisation
- Hostile worldview
- Aggression
- Susceptible to social influence
Self esteem effect
Ostracism effects
- High: weaker ostracism effect
- Low: stronger ostracism effect
Social anxiety effect on ostracism
Ostracism effects
- High: longer ostracism effect
- Low: shorter ostracism effect
Effect of chronic exclusion/ lonliness
Ostracism effects
- Decreased well-being
- Behavioural problems
- Alcohol/ drug abuse
- Mortality
Effects of workplace ostracism
Ostracism effects
- Lower job performance
- Lower job satisfaction
- Lower job commitment
- Greater burnout and tension
- Greater intention to turnover
- Greater turnover
- More deviant behaviours
Social surrogacy hypothesis
People capable of developing symbolic social connection with characters and groups from media
Media can surrogate/ temporarily replace social connection
Parasocial relationships
Relationships formed with television (visual channel) personalities
E.g. Has strong perceived connection to Harry Potter or JK Rowling
Narrative collective assimilation
Relationships formed with groups described in narratives
E.g. Has strong perceived connection to wizards; maybe from HP specifically.
Define groups
Collection of individuals who perceive themselves as members of the same social category and thus, have a shared social identity
Define social aggregate
Incidental gathering of individuals with no meaningful connection
E.g. city crowds
Types of groups
Common-bond
Common-identity
The type of connection that differentiates a group from a social aggregate
Common-bond groups
Group (bond) type
Members identify with the other members of the group
E.g. Identify with the neighbourhood because you identify with your neighbours
E.g. Identify with book club because you identify with other readers
Common-identity groups
Group (bond) type
Members identify with the group itself
E.g. Identify with the neighbourhood because you live there.
E.g. Identify with book club because you read the books
Group functions
Need to belong
Social cooperation
Sense of purpose
Attention and behaviour
Positive sense of self
Social support and well-being
Psychological coping resource
The function of groups is to make individuals feel better with respect to themselves, others, etc
Group roles
- Sense of purpose, responsibilities
- Division of labour, goals, functioning
- Formal or informal
Group norms
The social norms within a group - the member norms
Black sheep effect
- Ingroup members judged more positively than outgroup members
- Ingroup members judged more for group deviation than outgroup deviators
The social cure
Groups we belong to influence psychological and physical health
Rejection identification model
Social identity model effect
Posits that marginalised people can reduce negative well-being by identifying with their marginalised group
Social loafing
The tendency for individuals put less effort into group tasks where the judgement of results is pooled
I.e. people don’t do their part in group projects when not rated on their own contributions
Coordination loss in group participation
It is harder to coordinate and perform tasks in groups than individually
Motivation loss in group participation
- Social loafing
- Decreased motivation compared to individual tasks
