working memory

Question 1

is human working memory good or bad

Answer 1

horrid so ass

Question 2

what is the link between short term memory, working memory, and long term memory

Answer 2

encoding goes into short term memory, attention into working memory, becomes learnt, into long term memory/ storage, into retrieval

Question 3

what is short term memory

Answer 3

sensory processing

Question 4

what is working memory

Answer 4

application of attention to short term memory

holding a series of facts or actions for a few min in order to complete a task

limited capacity

Question 5

what is long term memory

Answer 5

turning short/ working memory into permanent

huge capacity

Question 6

what is in charge of working memory

Answer 6

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

but other regions too

Question 7

what is dorsolateral prefrontal cortex brodmann areas

Answer 7

brodmann areas 9 and 46

Question 8

what is the role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 8

monitoring and manipulation of working memory content

top down regulation of attention

Question 9

what is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex susceptible to

Answer 9

traumatic brain injury

TBI

Question 10

what type of reasoning occurs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 10

abstract reasoning

Question 11

what does the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex project to and why

Answer 11

hippocampus

to encode into long term memory

recalling memory to replay

Question 12

how do we test cognitive function - 3

Answer 12

wechsler memory scale

wechsler adult intelligence scale

cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery

(all include multiple tasks, measuring multiple cog functions inc working memory)

Question 13

features of cognitive tests - 4

Answer 13

standardised for comparison

reliable

valid?

difficult to map to anatomy and neuro

Question 14

prefrontal cortex function

Answer 14

where “we” are - fundamental role in learning, gets tired and overwhelmed

e.g. when attempting to put shit into our working memory, brain gets overwhelmed

Question 15

what do we test of working memory - 3

Answer 15

maintenance of working memory

monitoring of working memory

manipulation of working memory

Question 16

what is maintenance of working memory

Answer 16

can we hold content in dasolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 17

what is monitoring of working memory

Answer 17

attending to info after taking a break

Question 18

how do we test monitoring of working memory

Answer 18

n-back task

Question 19

how do we test maintenance of working memory - 2

Answer 19

digital span forward task

spatial span forward

Question 20

what is manipulation of working memory

Answer 20

working with info, move it around and rearrange it while keeping accurate

Question 21

how do we test manipulation of working memory

Answer 21

letter-number sequencing task

Question 22

what is the digit span forward task

Answer 22

tests maintenance

tests verbal/auditory maintenance

administrator recites series of numbers

1 per second in monotone voice

subject asked to repeat those numbers

length of series inc with each trial

task ends when ppt fails twice at a specific length

length = score

Question 23

what is the spatial span forward task

Answer 23

maintenance

select flashing squares in same sequence when sequence completes

test ends when fails twice

Question 24

why do we measure verbal and spatial maintenance

Answer 24

laterality of dasolateral prefrontal cortex - left is verbal working memory

right is spatial working memory

Question 25

what signals our hemisphere dominance

Answer 25

right handed or left handedness

Question 26

damage to lang area on right hand side - not dominant

Answer 26

understading and formation of language

Question 27

damage to lang area on left hand side - dominant

Answer 27

emotional tone, prosody - sound monotone

Question 28

damage to math area on left hand side - dominant

Answer 28

sequential analytical skills

Question 29

damage to math area on right hand side - non dominant

Answer 29

line up numbers correctly on page

Question 30

damage to navigation area on left hand side - dominant

Answer 30

following written directions in a sequence

Question 31

damage to navigation area on right hand side - non dominant

Answer 31

overall spatial navigation

Question 32

damage to emotion area on right hand side - non dominant

Answer 32

neg emotions maayybbeee

Question 33

damage to emotions area on left hand side - dominant

Answer 33

pos emotions mayyybeee

Question 34

damage to attention area on left hand side - dominant

Answer 34

focus attention and sequential directions

Question 35

damage to attention area on right hand side - non dominant

Answer 35

vigilance, attending

Question 36

damage to music area on left hand side - dominant

Answer 36

sequential analytical skills, rhythm

Question 37

damage to music area on right hand side - non dominant

Answer 37

produce and respond to music

Question 38

what is the monitoring test for working memory

Answer 38

n back task

Question 39

what is the n back task

Answer 39

series of digits presenting, one at a time answer yes if a digit appeared n back - say yes when digit is repeated the number of times whatever n is e.g. if n =4 a b j l k d b - b = yes, n back the higher the n , the harder the task can use letters to test verbal or auditory sound for auditory shapes for spatial smells for olfactory

Question 40

how is manifulation working memory tested

Answer 40

letter number sequencing task

Question 41

what is the letter number sequencing task

Answer 41

administrator reads out string of letters and words and numbers ppts has to break up letters and numbers and words and then say numbers in ascending order and then alphabets in ascending number e.g. K3O2 2,3,K,O

Question 42

what is adhd

Answer 42

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 43

features of ADHD

Answer 43

restlessness impulsivenes difficulty concentrating multiple subtypes problems with response inhibition - caused by orrr causes working problems? challenges with working memory - more often visiospacial, improves with age, improved by methylphenidate neurobiology poorly understood

Question 44

subtypes of ADHD - 3

Answer 44

hyperactive compulsive combined diff presentations in children vs adult

Question 45

what is response inhibition

Answer 45

the ability to resist internal or external interferences to achieve goal directed behaviours

Question 46

can u train working memory

Answer 46

yea short term but nah specifically u can train chunks e.g. phone numbers area codes is a chunk, rest of number tuff

Question 47

schema

Answer 47

learned content can be retrived as one chunk chunk = schema simple example of how expertise develops

Question 48

what is neural efficiency

Answer 48

learning results in reduced brain activity of certain thing being learnt esp in working memory and attention areas as less processing power needed to achieve same cognitive tasks differences in IQ may reflect baseline differences in neural effiency