Year 1 research methods

Question 1

What is a lab experiment

Answer 1

high controlled

iv manipulated

dv recorded

Question 2

What are the strengths of a lab experiment

Answer 2

extraneous variables controlled , internal validity

easily replicated

Question 3

weaknesses of lab experiment

Answer 3

reduced external validity

lack of mundane realism

Question 4

What is a field experiment

Answer 4

manipulates iv in natural setting

Question 5

Strengths of field experiment

Answer 5

higher external validity

less demand characteristics

Question 6

weaknesses of field study

Answer 6

harder to control extraneous variables

ethical issues of informed consent

Question 7

what is a natural experiment

Answer 7

naturally occurring iv

Question 8

strength of natural experiment

Answer 8

high external validity

Question 9

weaknesses of natural experiment

Answer 9

even less control over extraneous variables

p’s cannot be randomly allocated

Question 10

what is a quasi experiment

Answer 10

iv based on an existing difference between people

Question 11

strengths of quasi experiments

Answer 11

controlled

scientific credibility

Question 12

weaknesses of quasi experiments

Answer 12

confounding variables as participants not randomly allocated

Question 13

what is a naturalistic observation?

Answer 13

natural, non manipulated environment

high external validity

low control

Question 14

What is a controlled observation

Answer 14

manipulated

more control

lower external validity

Question 15

What is a covert observation?

Answer 15

participants are not aware they are being watched

truthful behaviour

ethical issues

Question 16

what is an overt observation

Answer 16

participants do know and gives consent

ethically sound

participants may change behaviour

Question 17

what is participants observation?

Answer 17

researcher takes part

greater insight

lose objectivity

Question 18

what is non participant observation?

Answer 18

researcher doesn’t participate

remain objective

lack of extra insight

Question 19

Strengths of questionnaires

Answer 19

potential large sample

easy to analyse responses

open or closed questions

Question 20

weaknesses of questionnaires

Answer 20

response bias

social desirability bias

acquiescence bias

Question 21

strengths of structures interviews

Answer 21

easily replicated

easy to analyse

Question 22

weakness of structures interviews

Answer 22

inflexible

Question 23

strengths of unstructured interviews

Answer 23

more depth

Question 24

weakness of unstructured interview

Answer 24

difficult to repeat

Question 25

weaknesses with interviews

Answer 25

participants may not be honest

Question 26

What is a correlation?

Answer 26

measures relationship between two variables and the strength of that relationship can be positive or negative

Question 27

what is an aim?

Answer 27

driven by a theory to explain a given observation

Question 28

what is a hypothesis?

Answer 28

makes predictions of an investigations outcome that makes reference to iv and dv

Question 29

what is a null hypothesis

Answer 29

predicts no relationship will be found

Question 30

What is random sampling

Answer 30

entire target population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 31

strengths and weaknesses of random sampling

Answer 31

eliminates sampling bias difficult to achieve

Question 32

what is stratified sampling?

Answer 32

identifies different types of people in the target population and works out the proportions in order to be representative

Question 33

strengths and weaknesses of stratified sampling

Answer 33

representative time consuming

Question 34

What is opportunity sampling

Answer 34

people available at the time

Question 35

strengths and weaknesses of opportunity sampling

Answer 35

quick could be biased

Question 36

What is systematic sampling

Answer 36

every nth participant

Question 37

strengths and weaknesses of systematic sampling

Answer 37

representative difficult to achieve

Question 38

strengths and weaknesses of volunteer sampling

Answer 38

volunteer bias easy to achieve

Question 39

what is primary data?

Answer 39

first hand from participants, collected specifically for that price of research

Question 40

What is a pilot study?

Answer 40

small scale run of investigation allows issues to be known to modify design determine number of participants needed

Question 41

Strengths of repeated measures

Answer 41

subject variables reduced better statistical tests fewer subjects

Question 42

weaknesses of repeated measures

Answer 42

order effects demand characteristics

Question 43

strengths of independent measures

Answer 43

order effects reduced demand characteristics reduced

Question 44

weaknesses of independent measures

Answer 44

worse statistical tests more subjects

Question 45

strengths of matched pairs

Answer 45

better statistical tests order effects reduced demand characteristics reduced

Question 46

weaknesses of matched pairs

Answer 46

subject variables time consuming

Question 47

what are examples of observational design

Answer 47

event sampling behavioural categories time sampling

Question 48

What is peer review

Answer 48

assessment of scientific work by others in the same field as you objective

Question 49

what are the measures of central tendency

Answer 49

mean median mode

Question 50

what are the measures of dispersion

Answer 50

range standard deviation

Question 51

what is the mean

Answer 51

calculated by adding up all scores and dividing by number of scores

Question 52

advantages mean

Answer 52

takes all scores into amount so all data is represented

Question 53

disadvantages mean

Answer 53

when there is extreme scores , anomalies will distort the mean abs make it unrepresentative

Question 54

what is the median

Answer 54

the middle value when placed in numerical order

Question 55

advantages median

Answer 55

unaffected by extreme scores

Question 56

disadvantages median

Answer 56

less sensitive than the mean as doesn’t take into account all of the scores

Question 57

what is the mode

Answer 57

the value that occurs most frequently

Question 58

advantage mode

Answer 58

unaffected by anomalies

Question 59

disadvantage mode

Answer 59

unstable if only a few scores representing each value

Question 60

what is the range

Answer 60

difference between highest and lowest score

Question 61

advantage range

Answer 61

easy and quick to calculate

Question 62

disadvantage range

Answer 62

vulnerable to rogue scores

Question 63

what is standard deviation?

Answer 63

average amount all scores deviate from the mean

Question 64

advantage standard deviation

Answer 64

gives a more accurate picture than range takes into account all scores and is sensitive

Question 65

disadvantage standard deviation

Answer 65

vulnerable to rogue scores