語法句型 Flashcards

Question

``` 朋友送給我一瓶酒。ping2 他還給我們一張郵票。you2piao4 保險公司賠給他們一筆錢嗎？bi3 他借我兩鎊錢。bang4 他借給我兩鎊錢。 ```

Answer 1

` ' ' ` tống hoàn, bồi, tá 送，還，賠，借 The verbs song4, huan2 and pei2 may be suffixed by gei3 w/o any change in meaning. The verb jie4 usually means 'to borrow' mượn, but when suffixed with gei3, it means 'to lend' cho mượn. (Unit 3, Dative constructions with direct and indirect objects)

Answer 2

好了。That's it. Xong rồi. Được rồi. (e.g. Some job has been done; some discussion should end, etc.) (我的話)完了。時間到了。算了，算了。Okay, okay. (e.g. It's no longer worth making a fuss about.) 別生氣了。Đừng giận nữa. 不要說話了。起床了。Dậy được rồi. 咱們開始了。 le is generally used after an adjective or a verb (or verb phrase) at the end of a sentence when the speaker sees a situation as having come to a stage which requires comment or summing up. (Unit 8, Sentence particle 了)

Answer 3

衣服讓孩子(給)弄臟了。nong4 zang1 強盜叫警察(給)抓住了。qiang2dao4 jing3cha2 zhua1zhu4 強盜給抓住了。 ` ` ` v In spoken or in colloquial writing, bei4 is often replaced by rang4 or jiao4, but only if an agent is involved. In these cases gei3 may also be used directly before the verb. bei4 doesn't usually go with gei3. In colloquial speech, gei3 may be used to replace bei4 in sentences where the agent is not specified. The bei4 (rang4/jiao4) is often used to narrate an unpleasant event. Adverbials of manner or location in bei4 sentences may precede either bei or the verb. In the latter case, the adverbial becomes more emphatic. (Unit 2 The 被 structure)

Answer 4

``` 我走了。Tôi đi đây. 來了。I'm coming. (Tôi) tới đây. 飛機快起飛了。 (天) 要下雨了。火車馬上就要開了。 le is frequently used with expressions of imminent action, intention or change, often with adverbs such as 快 kuai4, (就) 要, etc. (Unit 8, Sentence particle 了) ```

Answer 5

你等了他多久？你姐姐當了多少年 (的)護士？ or 你姐姐當護士當了多少年？你和你朋友跳了幾個鐘頭 (的)舞？or 你和你朋友跳舞跳了幾個鐘頭? When there is an object with the verb, if it is a pronoun it precedes the interrogative expression (duration questions); if it is a noun it follows the interrogative expression with or without 的。 One cannot say: *你和你朋友跳舞了幾個鐘頭？ (Unit 9 More interrogative expressions)

Answer 6

這件事你去辦，還是我去辦。 In alternative-questions, hai2shi4 rather than huo4zhe3 should be used. (Unit 11, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (1))

Answer 7

即使你很忙，也得抽空來一趟。to find time 這雙鞋哪怕/就算穿十年，也穿不破。 Even though, although, even if Conjunctions like na3pa4 and jiu4suan4 refer to potential rather actual events. (Unit 12, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (2))

Answer 8

``` 她在認真得學舞蹈。朋友熱情得招待了我。奶奶慢慢地上了火車。爸爸急匆匆地跳上了公共汽車。孩子很快地睡著了。火車非常早地到達了倫敦。 ``` (Monosyllabic adjectives must be reduplicated or suffixed with reduplicated sound-connotative phonaesthemes or modified by a degree adverb.) These adverbials are placed before the verb in the sentence and are usually followed by the particle 地 (see Unit 16). (Unit 15, Adverbials (summary))

Answer 9

慢走！Take care! 快過來！認真學習！ They are not suffixed with 地. (Unit 15, Averbials (summary))

Answer 10

``` With nouns: 這本雜誌是英文的。那把椅子是木頭的。 With non-gradable adjectives: 我說的那個人是男的。這是真的，不是假的。 With verbs: 我的頭髮是新燙的。這雙鞋是破的。 With clauses: 這個日記本是她送給我的。那個菜是媽媽做的。 With reduplicated adjectives or verbs or set expressions, in these cases without 是: 山路高高低低的。桌子上亂七八糟的。 ``` Non-gradable adjectives are adjectives which cannot be modified by a degree adverb like 很, etc. Note: Gradable adjectives as predicatives/comments of course do not require 是 or 的: 這件衣服很漂亮。 (Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary))

Answer 11

他們是去的北京。They went to Beijing. 他們是去北京。They are going to Beijing. 代表團是前個月到的。他是上星期去的倫敦。他是在上海進的大學。我是為你著想。zhuo2xiang3 consider 是媽媽在看管行李。爸爸是帶著一副黑眼鏡。舅舅是在海裡見過鯊魚。是消防員救出了燒傷的弟弟。 This structure is regularly used to emphasize the time, place, manner, purpose, etc. of an action that has taken place (see Basic Chinese, Unit 19). Note that 的 is not present if the action is not in the past but is going to take place (Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary)) If the adverbial is to be highlighted, 是 is placed immediately before the adverbial (and if the action of the verb in the sentence refers to the past, with 的 coming either at the end of the sentence following the verb or between the verb and its object if there is one). If an aspect marker is present, 是 by itself is sufficient for the intensifying purpose and 的 does not have to occur at the end of the sentence. (Unit 20, Idiomatic uses of 是)

Answer 12

使，讓(叫/教)，令 The verb shi3 or rang4 (and sometimes more colloquially, 叫 jiao4 or its variant 教 jiao4) may also be used with a second verb which is derived from an adjective. Note: ling4 may be used in a similar way but has a more formal tone, particularly when used with ren2 'people/one'. (Unit 4, Causative constructions)

Answer 13

來，去 Purpose. The second action explains the purpose of the first action (qu4/lai2). More colloquially, qu4 and lai2 may be placed at the end of the sentence. (Unit 5, Serial constructions)

Answer 14

了, comment or summing up le is generally used after an adjective or a verb (or verb phrase) at the end of a sentence when the speaker sees a situation as having come to a stage which requires comment or summing up. (Unit 8, Sentence particle 了)

Answer 15

了, imminent action, intention or change le is frequently used with expressions of imminent action, intention or change, often with adverbs such as 快 kuai4, (就) 要, etc. (Unit 8, Sentence particle 了)

Answer 16

還是，或者 In alternative-questions, hai2shi4 rather than huo4zhe3 should be used. (Unit 11, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (1))

Answer 17

即使... 也... 哪怕/就算... 也... Even though, although, even if Conjunctions like na3pa4 and jiu4suan4 refer to potential rather actual events. (Unit 12, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (2))

Answer 18

Adverbials of manner are derived from adjectives of two or more syllables. 地 (Monosyllabic adjectives must be reduplicated or suffixed with reduplicated sound-connotative phonaesthemes or modified by a degree adverb.) These adverbials are placed before the verb in the sentence and are usually followed by the particle 地 (see Unit 16). (Unit 15, Adverbials (summary))

Answer 19

Both monosyllabic and disyllabic adjectives may be used as adverbials of manner in imperatives. They are not suffixed with 地. (Unit 15, Averbials (summary))

Answer 20

的 is also used to form part of the comment of a topic-comment structure generally in conjunction with 是 Non-gradable adjectives are adjectives which cannot be modified by a degree adverb like 很, etc. Note: Gradable adjectives as predicatives/comments of course do not require 是 or 的: 這件衣服很漂亮。 (Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary))

Answer 21

是... 的 This structure is regularly used to emphasize the time, place, manner, purpose, etc. of an action that has taken place (see Basic Chinese, Unit 19). Note that 的 is not present if the action is not in the past but is going to take place (Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary)) If the adverbial is to be highlighted, 是 is placed immediately before the adverbial (and if the action of the verb in the sentence refers to the past, with 的 coming either at the end of the sentence following the verb or between the verb and its object if there is one). If an aspect marker is present, 是 by itself is sufficient for the intensifying purpose and 的 does not have to occur at the end of the sentence. (Unit 20, Idiomatic uses of 是)

語法句型 Flashcards

(45 cards)