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ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance > 02. The Human Organism > Flashcards

02. The Human Organism Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the rigid structure of bones the human body is made up of known as

A

SKELETON

pg 36

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2
Q

Basic body architecture

What are the 2 core roles the skeleton plays

A
  1. STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
  2. CREATING BLOOD

Blood cells grown in bone marrow

pg 36

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3
Q

Basic body architecture

Where are blood cells grown

A

BONE MARROW

pg 36

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4
Q

Basic body architecture

What does the skeleton create in order to accommodate organs

A

CAVITIES

pg 36

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5
Q

Basic body architecture

Apart from ____, all organs are contained within ____ created by the skeleton

A
  1. SKIN
  2. CAVITIES

pg 37

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6
Q

Basic body architecture

How are muscles attached to the skeleton

A

TENDONS

pg 38

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7
Q

Basic body architecture

What system is responsible for detecting stimuli and coordinating the body’s response

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

pg 39

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8
Q

Basic body architecture

The NERVOUS SYSTEM is responsible for what 2 functions

A
  1. STIMULUS - detecting stimuli
  2. RESPONSE - coordinating body’s response

pg 39

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9
Q

Basic body architecture

What are the 2 parts the NERVOUS SYSTEM is organised into

A
  1. CNS - Central Nervous System
  2. PNS - Peripheral Nervous System

pg 39

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10
Q

Basic body architecture

The CNS and PNS use a special type of cell called a ____ to transmit information and trigger and control responses

A

NEURONE

pg 39

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11
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the purpose of the NEURONE in the CNS and PNS systems

A

TRANSMIT, TRIGGER and CONTROL
Transmit information, trigger and control responses

pg 39

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12
Q

Basic body architecture

The CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) comprises what what 2 elements

A
  1. BRAIN
  2. SPINAL CORD

pg 39

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13
Q

Basic body architecture

What are the nerve trunks outside of the CNS known as

A

PERIPHERAL NERVES

pg 39

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14
Q

Basic body architecture

The PERHIPERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) is subdivded into what 2 functions

A
  1. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
  2. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

pg 40

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15
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM responsible for

A

BODY MOVEMENT
SENSING EXTERNAL STIMULI
CONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS

REMEMBER
The “ESSS” sound in consiou”ESSS”
– Somatic beings with “ESSS”
– Stimuli beings with “ESSS”

Unconscious decisions are “AUTO”matic
– “AUTO”nomic

pg 40

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16
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM responsible for

A

UNCONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS

i.e. control of blood vessels and internal organs

pg 40

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17
Q

Basic body architecture

How does the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM send messages around the body

A

HORMONES
(Chemical Messages)

pg 41

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18
Q

Basic body architecture

What system senses chemical messengers around the body that are detected by receptor cells

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

pg 40

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19
Q

Basic body architecture

Although slower than the nervous system, what is an advantage of the ENDORCINE SYSTEM

A

SIMULTANEOUS STIMULATION
Able to stimulate many cells simultaneously

pg 41

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20
Q

Basic body architecture

The secretion of hormones from glands within the body is controlled by neuronal signals and the process is called ____

A

NEURO-HORMONAL

pg 41

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21
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the process of NEURO-HORMONAL doing

Study These Flashcards
A

SECRETION of HORMONES
Secretion of hormones from glands within the body

pg 41

22
Q

Basic body architecture

The NEURO-HORMONAL process signals are initiated at a very deep level by either the ____ or from within ____

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. BRAIN
  2. ORGANS

pg 41

23
Q

Basic body architecture

What is responsible for initiating the various physiological changes in response to stress or anxiety

Study These Flashcards
A

HORMONES

pg 41

24
Q

Basic body architecture

What are 2 common known hormones that are typically known about by most people

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. INSULIN
  2. ADRENALIN

pg 41

25
# Basic body architecture What is *INSULIN* secreted by What 2 things does *INSULINE* control the use of within the body
1. PANCREAS 2. GLUCOSE and FAT ## Footnote pg 41
26
# Basic body architecture What is *ADRENALINE* secreted by What does *ADRENALINE* control
1. ADRENAL GLANDS 2. HEART RATE ## Footnote pg 41
27
# Human Cells The basic building block of the humn body is what
THE CELL ## Footnote pg 42
28
# Human Cells A *CELL* is a discreet structure comprising fluid contained within a thin double-walled sac called what
MEMBRANE ## Footnote pg 42
29
# Human Cells *CELLS* extract energy from what 2 elements contained within food
SUGARS and FATS ## Footnote pg 42
30
# Human Cells What extracts sugars and fats from the food we eat
CELLS ## Footnote pg 42
31
# Human Cells What must happen to sugars and fats first for cells to extract energy
OXIDISED ## Footnote pg 42
32
# Human Cells *CELLS* deprived of water, nutrients or oxygen will result in degradation of what 3 things in regards to the persons ability to perform.
1. PHYSICAL performance 2. MENTAL performance 3. INCAPACITATION ## Footnote pg 43
33
# Human Cells *NERVE CELLS* (neurones) are the key mechanism for what 2 things in regards to external events
DETECTING and RESPONDING to external events ## Footnote pg 43
34
# Homeostasis What is the process *HOMEOSTATIS* used for in the body
MAINTAIN STABLE ENVIRONMENT ## Footnote The body uses feedback and control mechanisms to maintain the bodies stable environment. i.e. when to hot, the body will sweat to cool it down to bring it back to 37℃ pg 44
35
# Stimulus and Response What are 9 things the human body senses 1. ____ : look over there 2. ____ : someone farted 3. ____ : pardon me? 4. ____ : yummy! 5. ____ : feels rough 6. ____ : its hot 7. ____ : lifting weights 8. ____ : Isaac Newton in a race car 9. ____ : ouch! ## Footnote The 3 "S"s, the 4 "T"s and the "GAP"
1. **S**IGHT 2. **S**MELL 3. **S**OUND (HEARING) 4. **T**ASTE 5. **T**OUCH 6. **T**EMPERATURE 7. **T**ENSION (BODY [LIMB] POSITION) 8. **G**RAVITY and **A**CCELERATION 9. **P**AIN ## Footnote **REMEMBER** The 3 "S"s, the 4 "T"s and the others **S**ight, **S**ound, **S**mell, **T**aste, **T**ouch, **T**emperature, **T**ension (position), Gravity and Acceleration, and Pain pg 45
36
# Stimulus and Response A ball is thrown at you. Your eye detects the ball as a threat which triggers you to duck. The process of ducking is a ____ to the brain interpreting the ___ as a threat
1. RESPONSE 2. STIMULUS ## Footnote pg 46
37
# Stimulus and Response For a *NEURON* to signal the brain, the stimulus must be above what level
SENSORY THRESHOLD ## Footnote pg 46
38
# Stimulus and Response How long after a nerve signal has been trigger is a much larger stimulus required to generate a signal
5 microseconds ## Footnote pg 47
39
# Stimulus and Response What is *SENSORY ADAPTION*
DECREASE in **PHYSIOLOGICAL** RESPONSE As a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus ## Footnote For example, wearing a watch. Your body reacts the moment you put the watch on. As your senses adapt, eventually you cannot tell you are wearing the watch pg 47
40
# Stimulus and Response A decrease in the *PHYSIOLOGICAL* response as a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus is known as what
SENSORY ADAPTION ## Footnote **REMEMBER** Adaptation = Shorter | Physiological Habituation = Longer | Physiological and Psychological Habits are long lasting, like biting your nails which is a psychological trait pg 47
41
# Stimulus and Response What is *SENSORY HABITUATION*
DECREASE in **PHYSIOLOGICAL** *_AND_* **PSYCHOLOGICAL** RESPONSE As a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus ## Footnote pg 47
42
# Stimulus and Response *SENSORY HABITUATION* takes place in which system
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) ## Footnote pg 47
43
# Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors Where are *PROPRIOCEPTORS* found
INSIDE MUSCLES ## Footnote **REMEMBER:** Muscle PRO GROW *Proprioceptors* **detect** and relay very precise information about the length of extension of each muscle *Mechanoreceptors* **transmit** very precise information about the amount of tension in the muscle *Proprioceptors* **detect** _extension_ *Mechanoreceptors* **transmit** _tension_ pg 49
44
# Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors Where are *MECHANORECEPTORS* found
INSIDE TENDONS ## Footnote Mechanoreceptors transmit very precise information about the amount of tension in the muscle pg 49
45
# Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors What is the purpose of the *PROPRIOCEPTOR*
DETECT and RELAY detect and relay precise information about length of extension of each muscle ## Footnote pg 49
46
# Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors What is the purpose of the *MACHANORECEPTOR*
TRANSMIT transmit very precise information about the amount of tension in a muscle ## Footnote pg 49
47
# Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors Where are the *PRESSURE RECEPTORS* found
BELOW THE SKIN ## Footnote pg 51
48
# Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors What is the purpose of the *PRESSURE RECEPTOR*
SENSE PRESSURE EXERTED pressure receptors sense how much pressure is being exerted on the surface of the body ## Footnote pg 51
49
# Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors *PRESSURE RECEPTORS* in your rear contribute to condition known as what
SEAT OF THE PANTS ## Footnote pg 52
50
# ACE TEST A danger of a pilot becoming habituated to a stimulus is that; [ ] It may result in hypo vigilance [ ] It may trigger inappropriate alarm responses [ ] You may not notice it [ ] You may become dependent on it
[ ] It may result in hypo vigilance [ ] It may trigger inappropriate alarm responses [X] **You may not notice it** [ ] You may become dependent on it
51
# ACE TEST Sensory (i)*ADAPTION or HABITUATION* lasts longer than sensory (ii)*ADAPTION or HABITUATION* because it isnt dependent on what (iii)
1. HABITUATION 2. ADAPTION 3. SHORT TERM PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
52
# ACE TEST The condition of sensory signals triggering progressively smaller responses in the brain is known as what
SENSORY HABITUATION

ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance (21 decks)

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