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ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance > 14. Human Behaviour (1 - 4) > Flashcards

14. Human Behaviour (1 - 4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The way in which a person acts is known as what

A

BEHAVIOUR

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2
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Behaviour is a product of the individuals ____ and ____, the current ____, and effects and influences of ____ (if any)

A
  1. PERSONALITY
  2. ATTITUDE
  3. SITUATION
  4. THE GROUP

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3
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Personality and Attitudes can be influenced and modified by what

A

SIGNIFICANT PERIODS OF A PERSONS LIFE

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4
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Behaviour is more sublty affected by what

A

HABIT

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5
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Differences in personality and attitudes between indivduals in a group can result in behaviours that what

A

BENEFIT or ADVERSELY AFFECT THE GROUP

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6
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The name given to describe the effect of one or more personalities on another

How well people working together get along

A

GROUP DYNAMICS

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7
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The following is a definition of what;

“broadly stable set of characteristics and behaviour patterns exhibited by an individual”

A

PERSONALITY

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8
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The broadly stable set of characgersitcs and behaviours that form personality are known as what

A

TRAITS

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9
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Traits are generally ____ and ____

A
  1. STABLE
  2. PERMANENT

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10
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

What are the Big 5 factors which describe personality;

  1. Ne____
  2. Ex____
  3. O____ to E____
  4. Ag____
  5. Con____
A
  1. NEUROTICISM
  2. EXTROVERSION
  3. OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
  4. AGREEABLENESS
  5. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

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11
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The following is a definition of what;

“a general and more or less stable predisposition to behave in a certain way in resonse to specific situations”

A

ATTITUDE

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12
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Attitudes usually ____ over time, and generate ____ behaviour patterns

A
  1. PERSIST
  2. CONSISTENT

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13
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Specifically, the difference between personality and attitude is that attitudes are not specific to who, and are shared by who

A
  1. INDIVIDUAL
  2. MANY

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14
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

  1. Assembled from external factors as a result of experience : ATTITUDE or PERSONALITY
  2. Traits stem from internal factors, which are probably innate : ATTITUDE or PERSONALITY
A
  1. ATTITUDE
  2. PERSONALITY

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15
Q

Models of personality

What are the 2 main models of personality

A
  1. PERSONALITIES FACTORS MODEL (common trait model)
  2. HUMANIST APPROACH

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16
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

Moody, Anxious, aggressive

A

UNSTABLE

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17
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

even-tempered, calm, carefree

A

STABLE

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18
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

quiet, retiring, introspective

A

INTROVERT

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19
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

Sociable, many friends, craves excitement

A

EXTROVERT

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20
Q

Models of personality

The ideal personality ype for a flight deck

A

STABLE EXTROVERT

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21
Q

Models of personality

The humanist model of personality is the idea of what 2 things

how you see you and where you want to be

A
  1. SELF CONCEPT
  2. IDEAL SELF

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22
Q

Models of personality

Humanist model - the following defines what;

“How you see yourself”

A

SELF CONCEPT

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23
Q

Models of personality

Humanist model - the following defines what;

“what you think you ought to be”

A

IDEAL SELF

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24
Q

Models of personality

People who perceive themselves to be ____ tend to be;

relaxed, well-adjusted, happy

Humanist Model

A

CLOSE TO IDEAL SELF

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25
# Models of personality People who perceive themselves to be ____ tend to be; anxious, unhappy, poorly adjusted | Humanist Model
FAR FROM IDEAL SELF ## Footnote 493
26
# Models of personality The higher up the pyramid, needs become less linked to ____ requirements, and more to ____ and ____ drivers | Heirarchy of needs
1. BIOLOGICAL 2. INTELLECTUAL & AESTHETIC ## Footnote 494
27
# Models of personality What level of Maslows Heirarchy of needs is a crew member said to be whn they are; receptive to ideas, able to assess them rationally, encourage cooperation, act with decisiveness & confidence
TOP LEVEL ## Footnote 494
28
# Models of personality What leve of the Heirarcht of needs is a crew member sai to be when they are; excessively keen to conform to group thinking, unduly influenced by recommendations
LOWER (esteem needs) ## Footnote 495
29
# Models of personality A product of low self-esteem
UNDERCONFIDENCE ## Footnote 495
30
# Models of personality Underconfidence can manifest itself as ____ (regarding decisions), and ____ in response to criticism
1. INDECISIVENESS 2. AGGRESSIVE ## Footnote 495
31
# Models of personality An underconfident aircraft commander may respond ____ to input, and possibly appear to be ____
1. AGGRESSIVE 2. OVERL SELF-ASSERTIVE ## Footnote 495
32
# Attitude and Behaviour A mix of *beliefs and values*
ATTITUDE ## Footnote 496
33
# Attitude and Behaviour Arise from knowledge of, or information about, the world
BELIEF ## Footnote 496
34
# Attitude and Behaviour What must be attached to belief for it to become an attitude
VALUE ## Footnote Example, I believe smoking to be bad for me and subsequently, bad for my health. I hold the value that good health is desireable so therefore have the attitude that smoking is bad 496
35
# Attitude and Behaviour Attitudes provide ____ responses to events and therefore are considered an important ____
1. READY MADE 2. COPING MECHANISM ## Footnote 496
36
# Attitude and Behaviour An individuals attitude towards something *always* corresponds with behaviour *TRUE or FALSE*
FALSE ## Footnote May have the attitude that smoking is made for me, but will continue to smoke anyways 496
37
# Attitude and Behaviour What are the 6 key hazardous attitudes; [ ] Anti-Authoritarianism [ ] Impulsiveness [ ] Conscientious [ ] Sense of invulnerability [ ] Self Controlled [ ] Excessive self esteem [ ] Agreeable [ ] Resignation [ ] Complaceny
[**X**] Anti-Authoritarianism [**X**] Impulsiveness [ ] Conscientious [**X**] Sense of invulnerability [ ] Self Controlled [**X**] Excessive self esteem [ ] Agreeable [**X**] Resignation [**X** ] Complaceny ## Footnote 498
38
# Attitude and Behaviour The ideal crew member will possess what 4 ket attitudes; [ ] Conscientious [ ] Impulsive [ ] Complacent [ ] Self Controlled [ ] Resigned [ ] Stable, slightly extroverted [ ] Agreeable
[**X**] Conscientious [ ] Impulsive [ ] Complacent [**X**] Self Controlled [ ] Resigned [**X**] Stable, slightly extroverted [**X**] Agreeable ## Footnote 498
39
# Group Behaviour The definition of a group
2 OR MORE PEOPLE WITH SHARED GOALS, VALUES or MOTIVES ## Footnote 499
40
# Group Behaviour What is the key difference between *cooperation and co-action*
**CO-ACTION** May involve crew members working towards the same aim but does not imply good communication or sharing **COOPPERATION** Essential to optimum group peformance ## Footnote 500
41
# Group Behaviour A basic property of a group, often known as solidarity, team spirit or morale
COHESION ## Footnote 500
42
# Group Behaviour 5 key influencers that improve group cohesion; 1. ____ : allows time for relationships between members to develop 2. ____ : smaller groups tend to be more cohesive than larger ones 3. ____ : more cohesive when group members are close to same status, age, skill level 4. ____ : successful team is more chesive than unsuccessful team 5. ____ : the greater this is, the greater will be internal group cohesion | Remember the 4 S's and ET - SET
1. STABILITY : allows time for relationships between members to develop 2. SIZE : smaller groups tend to be more cohesive than larger ones 3. SIMILARITY : more cohesive when group members are close to same status, age, skill level 4. SUCCESS : successful team is more chesive than unsuccessful team 5. EXTERNAL THREATS : the greater this is, the greater will be internal group cohesion ## Footnote 500
43
# Group Behaviour A group witha high degree of cohesion and cooperation is said to have ____
SYNERGY ## Footnote 501
44
# Group Behaviour The following describes what; The situation in which a cohesive group working cooperatively becomes more than the sume of its parts
SYNERGY ## Footnote 501
45
# Group Behaviour An *effective group* will quickly identify points on which they disagree and encourage conflict in the early stages of discussion. They will then establish ____ and then ____
1. COMMON VIEW 2. MAKE THEIR DECISIONS ## Footnote 501
46
# Group Behaviour An *inefective group* is dominated by ____. As a result, decision making tends to be ____ as they rush to complete a task
1. NEED TO ESTABLISH A COMMON VIEW QUICKLY 2. OVERLY SIMPLISTIC ## Footnote 501
47
# Group Behaviour A group that will quicklyidentify points on which they disagree and encourage conflict in early stages of discussion before establishing a common view and making decisions is an example of what sort of group
EFFECTIVE GROUP ## Footnote 501
48
# Group Behaviour A group which is dominated by the need to establish a common view quickly and subsequently make overly simplistic decisions as they rush to complete the task is an example of what sort of group
INEFFECTIVE GROUP ## Footnote 501
49
# Group Behaviour A core feature of multi-crew operations on large transport aircraft
INTERDEPENDENCE ## Footnote 501
50
# Group Behaviour A mode of thinking in which the desire to reach a unanimous agreement overrides the motivation to use proper, rational decision-making processess
GROUPTHINK ## Footnote 502
51
# Group Behaviour Groupthink can stem from what sort of group
EXCESSIVELY COHESIVE GROUP ## Footnote 502
52
# Group Behaviour The following is an example of what; 1. Very Cohesive 2. Insulated from external information 3. Likely to ignore alternatives and avoid assessing the operations 4. usually under pressure to make a quick decision 5. usually dominated by a very directing leader
A GROUP SUSCEPTIBLE TO GROUPTHINK ## Footnote 503
53
# Group Behaviour Groupthink is a relatively *ACTIVE or PASSIVE* process, in which the group arrives at a course of action by *THINKING or NOT THINKING* of the alternatives
1. PASSIVE 2. NOT THINKING ## Footnote 503
54
# Group Behaviour Groups can actively influence decisions, resulting in what 2 possible sorts of actions 1. ____ : risky shift 2. ____ : very safe
1. RISKIER COURSE (risky shift) 2. EXECESSIVELY CAUTIOUS ## Footnote 503
55
# Group Behaviour The key difference between groupthink and group decision making; Groupthink is a *CONSCIOUS or UNCONSCIOUS* process, whereas decision making process is the result of *CONSCIOUS or UNCONSCIOUS* thought
1. UNCONSCIOUS 2. CONSCIOUS ## Footnote 503
56
# Group Behaviour A change in belief or behaviou in response to a real or imagined group pressure
CONFORMITY ## Footnote 504
57
# Group Behaviour 3 potential benefits of conformity; 1. Promotes ____ 2. Enables us to ____ 3. Helps to ____ of others
1. Promotes SOCIAL INTERACTION 2. Enables us to STRUCTURE OUR BEHAVIOUR 3. Helps to PREDICT THE REACTIONS of others ## Footnote 504
58
# Group Behaviour 1 of the 3 driving forces behind conformity; Need to be right, to have certinty and to seek guidance from others in the group
INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE ## Footnote 504
59
# Group Behaviour 1 of the 3 driving forces behind conformity; Need to be accepted and approved by others and to reduce conflict
GROUP NORM INFLUENCE ## Footnote 504
60
# Group Behaviour 1 of the 3 driving forces behind conformity; When you are doing your job in a well defined function, you tend to supress your other personality traits
ROLES ## Footnote 504
61
# Group Behaviour When someone is authority requires us to behave in a certain way and we obey their order, this is said to be ____
ACTING IN COMPLIANCE ## Footnote 505
62
# Group Behaviour A word used to describe our tendency to comply with directions and requests
OBEDIENCE ## Footnote 505
63
# Group Behaviour 1 of the 3 major differences between obedience and conformity; *CONFORMITY or OBEDIENCE* involves no explicity requirement to act in a certain way
CONFORMITY ## Footnote 505
64
# Group Behaviour 1 of the 3 major differences between obedience and conformity; 1. ____ : derives from a *phsychological* need for acceptance 2. ____ : derives from perceptions of power and status in heirarchy | OBEDIENCE or CONFORMITY
1. CONFORMITY 2. OBEDIENCE ## Footnote 505
65
# Group Behaviour 1 of the 3 major differences between obedience and conforminty 1. ____ : involves influence by peer pressure 2. ____ : derives from a difference in status and acts only one way | OBEDIENCE or CONFORMITY
1. CONFORMITY 2. OBEDIENCE ## Footnote 505
66
# Group Behaviour Our relative social position within the group | STATUS or ROLE or GROUP NORM
STATUS ## Footnote 506
67
# Group Behaviour The part our organisation expects us to play | STATUS or ROLE or GROUP NORM
ROLE ## Footnote 506
68
# Group Behaviour Informal, understated 'rules' | STATUS or ROLE or GROUP NORM
GROUP NORM ## Footnote 506
69
# Group Behaviour The difference in status between the 2 pilots of a multi crew aircraft is known as the what gradient
TRANS-COCKPIT AUTHORITY GRADIENT ## Footnote 507
70
# Group Behaviour The *greater* the difference in status between crew members, the *STEEPER or SHALLOWER* the authority gradient
STEEPER ## Footnote 507
71
# Group Behaviour Advantages and Disadvantages of teamwork; [ ] Poor group dynamics leading to riskier decisions [ ] Better decision-making [ ] Better defence against errors [ ] Potential conflict [ ] Reduced work load [ ] Slower decision making process [ ] Ability to deal with multiple tasks
**ADVANTAGES** [ ] Better decision-making [ ] Better defence against errors [ ] Reduced work load [ ] Ability to deal with multiple tasks **DISADVANTAGES** [ ] Poor group dynamics leading to riskier decisions [ ] Potential conflict [ ] Slower decision making process

ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance (21 decks)

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