03: Upper limb I- Shoulder to elbow (HARC) Flashcards by Ibby Khan

PECTORAL GIRDLE includes which 2 BONES

CLAVICLE (collar bone)
SCAPULA

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parts of SCAPULA

sticking out:
ACROMION (articulates with clavicle)
CORACOID PROCESS

SCAPULA FOSSA (directly lying against ribs)

GLENOID FOSSA (articulates with head of humerus)

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2 ENDS of CLAVICLE
(attaches to STERNUM:
articulates with ACROMIAN of SCAPULA)

STERNAL END (attaches to STERNUM)
ACROMIAL END (articulates with ACROMIAN on SCAPULA)

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parts at TOP of HUMERUS (superior)

HEAD

2 bumps:
GREATER TUBERCLE (laterally)
LESSER TUBERCLE (anteriorly)

groove between 2 bumps:
INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS

SURGICAL NECK (in some bone, weakest and so most commonly fractured)

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parts at bottom of HUMERUS (Inferior)

articulates with head of RADIUS:
articulates with head of ULNA:
coronoid process of ULNA slots in:
2 bumps:

CAPITULUM - articulates with head of RADIUS
TROCHLEA - articulates with head of ULNA

CORONOID FOSSA - coronoid process of ULNA slots in (flex elbow) (anteriorly)

2 bumps:
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
LATERAL EPICONDYLE
(attach muscles & ligaments)

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SPINE OF SCAPULA DIVIDES POSTERIOR SURFACE of SCAPULA in 2 parts:

SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA
INFRASPINOUS FOSSA

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FOSSA on POSTERIOR view of HUMERAS that OLECRATION PROCESS of ULNA fits into when elbow EXTENDED

OLECRANON FOSSA

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what type of joint is the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT (SHOULDER JOINT)

SYNOVIAL

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relationship between JOINT MOVEMENT and STABILITY

MORE MOVEMENT = LESS STABLE

LESS MOVEMENT = MORE STABLE

EXTREME MOBILITY in SHOULDER so LOW STABILITY (most dislocated)

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ABDUCTION OF ARM
FIRST 120 degrees by:
LAST 60 degrees by:

FIRST 120 degrees by:
HUMERUS ROTATING in the GLENOID FOSSA

LAST 60 degrees by:
ROTATION of SCAPULA

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4 LIGAMENTS of GLENOHUMERAL (shoulder) JOINT CAPSULE

CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

SUPERIOR GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

MIDDLE GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

INFERIOR GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

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sticking out of GLENOHUMERAL (shoulder) JOINT CAPSULE:

REDUNDANT CAPSULE

allows ‘give’ for abduction

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unique part of GLENOHUMERAL (shoulder) JOINT CAPSULE

TENDON of LONG HEAD of BICEPS BRACHII

pierces joint capsule and goes inside joint

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what is the ROTATOR CUFF
and what does it do

GROUP OF MUSCLES whose
TENDONS SURROUND the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

As well as providing MOVEMENT to the upper limb
these muscles STRENGHTEN the JOINT

These muscles are; Subscapularis,
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres minor

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4 ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES and what do they allow

posterior view:
SUPRASPINATUS
- INITIATION of ABDUCTION
(inserts onto greater tubercle)

INFRASPINATUS
- LATERAL ROTATION of humerus
(attach on greater tubercle)

TERES MINOR
-LATERAL ROTATION of humerus
(attach on greater tubercle)

anterior view:
SUBSCAPULARIS
- MEDIAL ROTATION of humerus
(attaches to lesser tubercle)

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ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES

Common in people who continuously use the arms above the horizontal – throwing, racquet sports, swimming, weightlifting
Can lead to INFLAMMATION and a result tear in the cuff especially the supraspinatus tendon
Can test for injuries by asking a patient to adduct their arm slowly – if the arm suddenly drops to their side at 90o it is likely they have injured their rotator

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MUSCLES of the UPPER LIMB:

DELTOID
PECTORALIS MAJOR
TRAPEZIUS

deeper & anterior:
PECTORALIS MINOR

anterior:
SERRATUS ANTERIOR

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what does the DELTOID allow in ARM MOVEMENT

ABDUCTION

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what does the PECTORALIS MAJOR allow in ARM MOVEMENT (3)

ADDUCTION

also
MEDIALLY ROTATES HUMERUS

EXTENDS FLEXED ARM

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name of GROOVE between DELTOID and PECTORALIS MAJOR

DELTOPECTORAL GROOVE

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what MOVEMENTS does TRAPEZIUS allow

ELEVATION of SCAPULA
ROTATION of SCAPULA
allowing FULL ABDUCTION of UPPER ARM

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what does PECTORALIS MINOR allow of SCAPULA

DEPRESSION of SCAPULA

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what does SERRATUS ANTERIOR allow of SCAPULA

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ROTATION of SCAPULA

2 HEADS of BICEPS BRACHII

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LONG HEAD
SHORT HEAD

MOVEMENTS from BICEPS BRACHII forearm & humerus

FLEXION of FOREARM SUPINATION of FOREARM WEAK FLEXOR of HUMERUS

2 ARM MOVEMENTS of TERES MAJOR

MEDIAL ROTATION EXTENSION

3 ARM MOVEMENTS of LATISSIMUS DORSI

ADDUCTION MEDIAL ROTATION EXTENSION

CORACOBRACHIALIS HUMERUS MOVEMENTS (2)

FLEXOR ADDUCTER

BRACHIALIS 1 FUNCTION in FOREARM

FLEXOR 1 function so more powerful flexor

TRICEPS BRACHII is the MAIN .... of the FOREARM

EXTENDOR

TRICEPS BRACHII 3 HEADS:

LONG HEAD LATERAL HEAD MEDIAL HEAD (deeper)

what is FASCIA and what are the 2 TYPES

CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEETS - visible by the naked eye between SKIN and MUSCLE SUPERFICIAL FASCIA DEEP FASCIA

what does SUPERFICIAL FASCIA contain

ADIPOSE TISSUE

there is a LAYER of DEEP FASCIA COVERING..

MUSCLES

where are SUPERFICIAL VEINS

IN SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

what is the name for the INGROWING of DEEP FASCIA that ATTACHES TO BONE

INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM

INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM DIVIDES ARM into 2 COMPARTMENTS:

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

ARM MUSCLES you can find in ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT (3)

BICEPS BRACHII BRACHIALIS further up CORACOBRACHIALIS

ARM MUSCLES you can find in POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

TRICEPS BRACHII: LONG HEAD MEDIAL HEAD LATERAL HEAD

name of the FORAMEN in the VERTEBRAL COLUMN that the SPINAL NERVES come OUT from

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

SPINAL NERVES: C,T,L,S,C numbers

8 CERVICAL 12 THORACIC 5 LUMBAR 5 SACRAL 1 COCCYX

5 AREAS of BRACHIAL PLEXUS

ROOTS (Ventral Rami) TRUNKS DIVISIONS CORDS TERMINAL NERVES

How MANY ROOTS in BRACHIAL PLEXUS

What are the 5 ROOTS of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

C5 C6 C7 C8 T1

when forming TRUNKS which ROOTS JOIN together

C5 & C6 (superior trunk) C8 & T1 (Inferior trunk)

3 TRUNKS and which ROOTS they come from

SUPERIOR - C5 & C6 MIDDLE - C7 INFERIOR - C8 & T1

how do we get DIVISIONS in BRACHIAL PLEXUS

ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR DIVISIONS of EACH TRUNK

what are the 3 CORDS in BRACHIAL PLEXUS

LATERAL POSTERIOR MEDIAL

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS how do we get each of the 3 CORDS LATERAL: POSTERIOR: MEDIAL:

LATERAL: ANTERIOR DIVISON of SUPERIOR TRUNK JOINS with ANTERIOR DIVISION of MIDDLE TRUNK POSTERIOR: ALL POSTERIOR DIVISIONS JOIN (from superior, middle and inferior trunks) MEDIAL: ANTERIOR DIVISION of INFERIOR TRUNK just CONTINUES (NO JOINING)

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what are the 4 TERMINAL NERVES you get

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE MEDIAN NERVE RADIAL NERVE ULNAR NERVE

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what TERMINAL NERVE do you get from the LATERAL CORD

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE (c5, c6, c7)

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what TERMINAL NERVE do you get from the MEDIAL CORD

ULNAR NERVE (c7, c8,t1)

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what TERMINAL NERVE do you get from the POSTERIOR CORD

RADIAL NERVE (c5,c6,c7,c8,t1)

n BRACHIAL PLEXUS how do you get the MEDIAN NERVE (c6,c7,c8,t1)

MEDIAL and LATERAL CORDS JOIN

BRACHIAL PLEXUS CORDS are named in relation to the ...

AXILLARY ARTERY

which NERVE SUPPLIES the ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the upper ARM - BICEPS BRACHII, BRACHIALIS, CORACOBRACHIALIS

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE

which NERVE SUPPLIES the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the upper arm - TRICEPS BRACHII

RADIAL NERVE

03: Upper limb I- Shoulder to elbow (HARC) Flashcards

(57 cards)