15. Innervation of the Upper and Lower Limbs (HARC)

Question 1

the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM consists of:

Answer 1

the BRAIN, BRAIN STEM, SPINAL CORD

Question 2

the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM consists of:

Answer 2

all the NEURAL TISSUES

EXCEPT brain, brain stem, spinal cord

12 Cranial Nerves
31 Spinal Nerves

Question 3

FUNCTION of the CNS

Answer 3

Integrating, Processing, Coordinating SENSORY DATA and MOTOR COMMAND

brain: higher functions such as Intelligence, Memory, Learning, Emotion

Question 4

FUNCTION of PNS

Answer 4

DELIVERS SENSORY INFORMATION to the CNS

CARRIES MOTOR DEMANDS to the PERIPHERAL TISSUES and SYSTEMS

Question 5

PNS functionally divided into

Answer 5

AFFERENT (RECEPTORS to CNS)
EFFERENT (CNS to EFFECTORS - muscles and glands)

Question 6

DORSAL ROOT from spinal cord has which function

Answer 6

SENSORY

Question 7

VENTRAL ROOT from spinal cord has which function

Answer 7

MOTOR

Question 8

what is found on DORSAL ROOT

Answer 8

DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

Question 9

what does the SPINAL NERVE (mixed) split into and where does each one go to supply

Answer 9

DORSAL RAMUS - BACK
VENTRAL RAMUS - LATERAL & ANTERIOR

Question 10

a MYOTOME can be defined in 3 different ways:

Answer 10

• a single spinal nerve supplying a SINGLE MUSCLE
• a single spinal nerve supplying a GROUP OF MUSCLES
• a single spinal nerve supplying a PORTION OF A MUSCLE
  (comes from EMBRYOLOGY. Myotome supplied by single spinal nerve can divide. division supplied by same spinal nerve. myotome fuses with other myotomes. therefore multiple spinal nerves can supply a single muscle)

Question 11

Golden RULE of anatomy :

Answer 11

when a MUSCLE MIGRATES, it BRINGS its NERVE SUPPLY WITH IT

Question 12

categories of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Answer 12

ROOTS
TRUNKS
DIVISIONS
CORDS
TERMINAL NERVES

Question 13

ROOTS of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Answer 13

C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

Question 14

CORDS of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Answer 14

LATERAL
POSTERIOR
MEDIAL

NAMED in relation to how they surround the AXILLARY ARTERY

Question 15

TERMINAL NERVES of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Answer 15

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS (C5,C6,C7)

MEDIAL NERVE (C6,C7,C8,T1)

RADIAL NERVE (C5,C6,C7,C8,T1)

ULNAR NERVE (C7,C8,T1)

Question 16

where does the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE SUPPLY

Answer 16

ANTERIOR compartment of the UPPER ARM

Question 17

the RADIAL NERVE is MOTOR to the muscles in which arm & forearm compartment

Answer 17

POSTERIOR

• extensor muscles

Question 18

RADIAL NERVE emerges to posterior side through the..

Answer 18

INTERVAL TRIANGLE

Question 19

BORDERS of the INTERVAL TRIANGLE that the RADIAL NERVE emerges through

Answer 19

TERES MAJOR

LONG head of TRICEPS

HUMERUS

Question 20

when does the RADIAL NERVE move back ANTERIOR and what happens here

Answer 20

at the LATERAL EPICONDYLE

on ANTERIOR side, radial nerve DIVIDES into:
- DEEP BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE
- SUPERFICIAL BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE

Question 21

is the SUPERFICIAL BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE (anterior) motor or sensory

Answer 21

SENSORY

Question 22

where is the SUPERFICIAL BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE (anterior)

Answer 22

BENEATH the BRACHIORADIALIS

Question 23

what happens to the DEEP BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE (anterior)

Answer 23

goes BETWEEN the 2 heads of the SUPINATOR and emerges back to POSTERIOR

Question 24

ULNAR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles in the FOREARM

Answer 24

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
MEDIAL HALF of the FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

Question 25

in the HAND the ULNAR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

Answer 25

all INTRINSIC MUSCLES EXCEPT the thenar muscles

Question 26

when you hit your MEDIAL EPICONDYLE which NERVE is hit

Answer 26

ULNAR NERVE

Question 27

MEDIAN NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles in the forearm

Answer 27

all muscles in ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT - except flexor carpi ulnaris & medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

Question 28

MEDIAN NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles in the HAND

Answer 28

THENAR MUSCLES

Question 29

TESING INJURY to RADIAL NERVE If injury occurs in arm when nerve is in the RADIAL GROOVE (usually humeral break):

Answer 29

* WEAKNESS of TRICEPS BRACHII as medial head of triceps affected * Characteristic WRIST DROP – EXTENSOR CARPI muscles are paralysed and therefore cant counteract flexor carpi muscles * INABILITY to EXTEND MATACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS and thumb

Question 30

TESING INJURY to RADIAL NERVE If injury occurs in FOREARM and affects the DEEP BRANCH of the radial nerve

Answer 30

* INABILITY to EXTEND MATACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS

Question 31

TESTING INJURY to ULNAR NERVE usually when FRACTURE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE:

Answer 31

- LOSS of POWER in WRIST ADDUCTION. During FLEXION on the WRIST the hand will be drawn to the LATERAL side due by flexor carpi radialis - AFFECTS INTRINSIC MUSCLES of hand - UNABLE TO MAKE A FIST (cannot oppose the thumb). extended MCP joints and flexion of the digits 2 and 3. Person will also be UNABLE to ADDUCT and ABDUCT the DIGITS - PARATHESIA of the MEDIAL part of the HAND

Question 32

TESTING INJURY to the MEDIAN NERVE when SEVERED IN ELBOW FLEXION:

Answer 32

- DIFFICULTY FLEXING the INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS (except the 4th and 5th digits which are supplied by the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus - ulnar nerve) - CANT FLEX 2nd and 3RD DIGITS

Question 33

TESTING INJURY to the MEDIAN NERVE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Answer 33

* LOSS OF SENSATION on the lateral 3 and a half digits. Palm unaffected * DIFFICULT to OPPOSE THUMB due to thenar muscles being affected

Question 34

the LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS is formed from which VENTRAL RAMI

Answer 34

L1-S4

Question 35

the LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS gives rise to which nerves

Answer 35

- FEMORAL NERVE (anterior) - OBTURATOR NERVE (medial) - SCIATIC NERVE (posterior)

Question 36

OBTURATOR NERVE is in which compartment of the thigh

Answer 36

MEDIAL

Question 37

where can you see the OBTURATOR NERVE

Answer 37

running down medial side of PSOAS MAJOR goes THROUGH OBTURATOR FORMAEN & emerges into MEDIAL compartment

Question 38

OBTURATOR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

Answer 38

ADDUCTOR MUSCLES of the HIP: PECTINEUS ADDUCTOR MAGNUS ADDUCTOR LONGUS ADDUCTOR BREVIS GRACILIS

Question 39

OBTURATOR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

Answer 39

ADDUCTOR MUSCLES of the HIP: PECTINEUS ADDUCTOR MAGNUS ADDUCTOR LONGUS ADDUCTOR BREVIS GRACILIS

Question 40

FEMORAL NERVE supplies which compartment of the thigh

Answer 40

ANTERIOR

Question 41

FEMORAL NERVE can be found where

Answer 41

LATERAL border of the PSOAS MAJOR goes deep to Inguinal ligament deep to Sartorius of thigh

Question 42

FEMORAL NERVE enters the..

Answer 42

FEMORAL TRIANGLE (bound by inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus)

Question 43

FEMORAL NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

Answer 43

QUADRACEPS: Rectus Femoris, Vectus Lateralis, Vectus Intermedialis, Vectus Medialis SARTORIUS

Question 44

FEMORAL NERVE passes into the leg. name one of the nerves it branches into. which area is supplied

Answer 44

GREAT SAPHENOUS NERVE SUPPLIES MEDIAL PART of the leg

Question 45

which compartment of the THIGH does the SCIATIC NERVE SUPPLY

Answer 45

POSTERIOR compartment

Question 46

which area of the LEG does the SCIATIC NERVE SUPPLY

Answer 46

LATERAL

Question 47

where does the SCIATIC NERVE emerge into the POSTERIOR compartment

Answer 47

at LATERAL border of the PIRIFORMIS

Question 48

SCIATIC NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

Answer 48

HAMSTRINGS : BICEPS FEMORIS, SEMI-TENDINOSIS, SEMI-MEMBRANOSIS & LATERAL LEG

Question 49

distally the SCIATIC NERVE DIVIDES into:

Answer 49

TIBIAL NERVE COMMON FIULAR NERVE

Question 50

where is a safe place to INJECT the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS muscle, so as not to hit SCIATIC NERVE

Answer 50

UPPER LATERAL QUADRANT

Question 51

GREAT SAPHENOUS NERVE is a branch of which NERVE & for which area

Answer 51

FEMORAL NERVE - for MEDIAL LEG

Question 52

COMMON FIBULAR NERVE is a branch of which nerve & for which area

Answer 52

SCIATIC NERVE for LATERAL leg

Question 53

TIBIAL NERVE is a branch of which nerve & for which area

Answer 53

SCIATIC NERVE for LATERAL LEG

Question 54

which nerve is a continuation of the FEMORAL NERVE

Answer 54

SAPHENOUS

Question 55

which nerve runs alongside the SHORT SAPHENOUS VEIN

Answer 55

SURAL NERVE

Question 56

which MUSCLES does the MUCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE innervate

Answer 56

- BICEPS BRACHII - BRACHIALIS - CORACOBRACHIALIS (BBC) (anterior)

Question 57

BICEPS BRACHII is INNVERVATED by which nerve

Answer 57

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS