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Musculoskeletal System > 11. Lower Limb I: Hip to Knee (HARC) > Flashcards

11. Lower Limb I: Hip to Knee (HARC) Flashcards

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1
Q

FUNCTIONS of the HIP BONE

A
  • BEAR WEIGHT / TRANSFER WEIGHT from the back, through the hip, to the FEMUR
  • PROTECTION
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2
Q

3 BONES of the HIP BONE

A

ILIUM
PELVIS
ISCHIUM

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3
Q

name for the SOCKET in the HIP BONE for the FEMUR

  • where the 3 bones come together and fuse
A

ACETABULUM

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4
Q

name of the JOINT between the SACRUM and the ILIUM of the HIP

A

SACROILIAC JOINT

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5
Q

the ISCHIAL SPINE splits the posterior part of the ISCHIUM into 2 PARTS:

A
  • GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH
  • LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH
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6
Q

name of the FORAMEN in the HIP BONE

A

OBTURATOR FORAMEN
(mostly filled with muscle)

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7
Q

name for the bump on the HIP that you can feel

A

ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE (ASIS)

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8
Q

part of the HIP BONE that is the boney part of the bottom

A

ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

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9
Q

name of the DEPRESSION found in the HEAD of the FEMUR and what goes in it

A

FOVEA

ARTERY goes in to supply the head of the femur
(artery of the ligament of the head of the femur)

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10
Q

2 parts that stick out on the FEMUR

A

GREATER TROCHANTER
LESSER TROCHANTER

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11
Q

name for the CREST that runs between the 2 TROCHANTERS of the FEMUR

A

INTERTROCHANTERIC CREST

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12
Q

2 things that provide STABILITY to the HIP JOINT

A
  • LARGE ACETABULUM
    with ACETABULAR LABRUM to make the joint even deeper, head of femur fits snugly
  • LIGAMENTS
    particularly the TWISTING of ligaments in hip EXTENSION
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13
Q

what type of joint is the HIP JOINT

A

SYNOVIAL

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14
Q

LIGAMENT found in HIP JOINT

A

LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR
(brings an artery with it)

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15
Q

relationship between the LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR and the SYNOVIAL HIP JOINT
does the ligament go inside the synovium?

A

LIGAMENT goes inside the capsule but DOES NOT GO INSIDE THE SYNOVIUM (NOT INTRASYNOVIAL)

the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE COATS the LIGAMET=NT

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16
Q

relationship between the LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR and the SYNOVIAL HIP JOINT
does the ligament go inside the synovium?

A

LIGAMENT goes inside the capsule but DOES NOT GO INSIDE THE SYNOVIUM (NOT INTRASYNOVIAL)

the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE COATS the LIGAMENT

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17
Q

3 LIGAMENTS of the PELVIS AND HIP JOINT

A

anterior:

  • ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
    (between ilium and femur)
  • PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
    (between pubis and femur)

posterior:

  • ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
    (between ischium and femur)
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18
Q

how does the ACTION of the HIP JOINT LIGAMENTS (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral) PROVIDE STABILITY

A

during EXTENSION:
the LIGAMENTS naturally SCREW the HEAD OF THE FEMUR INTO the ACETABULUM
- ligaments become TWISTED
- Screw femur CLOSER up

during FLEXION:
ligaments are STRAIGHT

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19
Q

when do LIGAMENTS need to provide the most STABILITY for the HIP JOINT

A

during EXTENSION
- need most stability when standing
- weight-bearing

FLEXION: fixed femur, not weight-bearing

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20
Q

is it only the FEMUR that MOVES during motion of the HIP

eg walking, rotation

A

NO
PELVIS can MOVE

femur may not move at all, may be just pelvis moving

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21
Q

CLASSIFICATION of HIP MUSCLES into 5 GROUPS:

A
  • EXTRINSIC hip muscles
  • INTRINSIC hip muscles (superficial & deep)
  • HIP ADDUCTORS
  • HIP FLEXORS, KNEE EXTENSORS
  • HIP EXTENSORS, KNEE FLEXORS
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22
Q

EXTRINSIC HIP MUSCLES:

A

ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE
- PSOAS MAJOR (originates from lumbar spine)
- ILIACUS (originates in iliac fossa)

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23
Q

FUNCTION of the ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE - PSOAS MAJOR & ILIACUS

(extrinsic hip muscles)

A

FLEXION of the HIP

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24
Q

the ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE - PSOAS MAJOR & ILIACUS 2 parts come together and ATTACH where

A

LESSER TROCHANTER of the FEMUR

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25
INTRINSIC HIP MUSCLES SUPERFICIAL:
(POSTERIOR) - GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (biggest & most powerful muscle) - TENSOR FASCIA LATAE - contracts and pulls on the ILIOTIBIAL TRACT (band of FASCIA)
26
FUNCTIONS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
- most powerful HIP EXTENSOR - ADDUCTION & ABDUCTION - some LATERAL ROTATION
27
how can the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS do both ADDUCTION and ABDUCTION
it passes over the AXIS OF ROTATION ADDUCTION: muscles BELOW/inferior to AXIS of rotation CONTRACT ABDUCTION: muscles ABOVE/superior to AXIS of rotation CONTRACT
28
FUNCTION of the TENSOR FASCIA LATAE - using the ILIOTIBIAL TRACT
- STABILISES the KNEE in EXTENSION (contracts and pulls on the iliotibial tract to do so) can also help FLEXION slightly depending on the current state of knee joint - if already flexed (iliotibial tract lying below axis of rotation)
29
what is the ANGLE between the MECHANICAL AXIS (straight down due to gravity) and the ANATOMICAL AXIS
174 DEGREES
30
INTRINSIC HIP MUSCLES DEEP:
- GLUTEUS MEDIUS - GLUTEUS MINIMUS - PIRIFORMIS - GEMELLUS SUPERIOR - GEMELLUS INFERIOR - OBTURATOR INTERNUS - QUADRATUS FEMORIS
31
name of a MUSCLE that COVERS the OBTURATOR FORAMEN and where is it what is its function
OBTURATOR INTERNIS INTRINSIC Hip Muscle in the DEEP LAYER - LATERAL ROTATION - ABDUCTION
32
FUNCTION of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS and GLUTEUS MINIMUS (intrinsic hip muscles, deep)
ABDUCTION of femur also PREVENT PELVIC DROP
33
how do the GLUTEUS MEDIUS and GLUTEUS MINIMUS PREVENT PELVIC/HIP DROP
when WALKING and opposite leg is LIFTED, they CONTRACT and so PULL the PELVIS UP (if no muscles, pelvis would drop due to gravity and weight)
34
what do you DEVELOP from PARALYSIS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS
TRENDELENBURG GAIT - HIP DROP (lean to the other side)
35
FUNCTION of the PIRIFORMIS, GEMELLUS SUPERIOR, GEMELLUS INFERIOR & OBTURATOR FORAMEN (Intrinsic, Deep)
LATERALLY ROTATES ABDUCTS
36
FUNCTION of the QUADRATOR FEMORIS (Intrinsic, Deep)
LATERAL ROTATION
37
3 COMPARTMENTS of the THIGH
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR MEDIAL
38
HIP ADDUCTORS in THIGH:
(most posterior) - ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (fans over whole femur) (more anteriorly) - PECTINEUS - ADDUCTOR LONGUS - ADDUCTOR BREVIS (most medially) - GRACILIS (goes over the knee joint)
39
what can you find in the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
ADDUCTOR HIATUS - small ARTERY (FEMORAL ARTERY) PASSES THROUGH
40
where are the HIP ADDUCTOR MUSCLES
in the THIGH
41
FUNCTION of PECTINEUS
- ADDUCTION - FLEXION
42
FUNCTION of ADDUCTOR LONGUS
- ADDUCTION - MEDIAL ROTATION
43
FUNCTION of GRACILIS
- ADDUCTION - FLEXION at KNEE
44
HIP FLEXORS KNEE EXTENSORS:
QUADRACEP MUSCLES: - RECTUS FEMORIS (straight) - VASTUS LATERALIS - Vastus intermedialis - VASTUS MEDIALIS - SARTORIUS (crosses over the thigh, lateral to medial and inserts onto tibia)
45
HIP FLEXOR & KNEE EXTENSOR MUSCLES are on which SIDE of the THIGH
ANTERIOR
46
FUNCTIONS of the RECTUS FEMORIS and SARTORIS
HIP FLEXION KNEE EXTENSION
47
FUNCTION of the VASTUS MEDIALIS & VASTUS LATERALIS
KNEE EXTENSION
48
HIP EXTENSORS & KNEE FLEXORS aka the..
HAMSTRINGS
49
where are the HAMSTRINGS / HIP EXTENSOR & KNEE FLEXOR MUSCLES
POSTERIOR side of the THIGH
50
The HAMSTRINGS / HIP EXTENSOR & KNEE FLEXOR MUSCLES:
(laterally) - BICEPS FEMORIS (LONG HEAD) - BICEPS FEMORIS (SHORT HEAD) (more medially) - SEMI-TENDINOSIS - SEMI-MEMBRANOSIS
51
FUNCTIONS of the BICEPS FEMORIS in posterior thigh
HIP EXTENSION KNEE FLEXION LATERAL ROTATION
52
FUNCTIONS of the SEMI-TENDINOSIS & SEMI-MEMBRANOSIS in posterior thigh
HIP EXTENSION KNEE FLEXION MEDIAL ROTATION
53
BLOOD SUPPLY of the LOWER LIMB starts from the...
ABDOMINAL AORTA
54
in the pelvis what does the ABDOMINAL AORTA DIVIDE into and what does this DIVIDE into
- COMMON ILIAC -> INTERNAL ILIAC & EXTERNAL ILIAC
55
the EXTERNAL ILIAC passes into the LOWER LIMB and becomes the
FEMORAL ARTERY
56
What is the 1st BRANCH coming from the FEMORAL ARTERY
PROFUNDA FEMORIS aka DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH
57
2 BRANCHES of the PROFUNDA FEMORIS (DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH)
MEDIAL CIRCUMFLEX LATERAL CIRCUMFLEX (circle the NECK of the FEMUR)
58
What does the INTERNAL ILIAC DIVIDE into and what do these SUPPLY
- SUPERIOR GLUTEAL - INFERIOR GLUTEAL SUPPLY GLUTEAL MUSCLES
59
which ARTERY SUPPLIES the PROXIMAL HEAD of the FEMUR
ARTERY OF THE LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR
60
which ARTERY SUPPLIES the DISTAL HEAD of the FEMUR
MEDIAL CIRCUMFLEX
61
What is the FEMORAL TRIANGLE in the thigh BOUND by (BORDERS) LATERALLY: MEDIALLY: SUPERIORLY:
LATERALLY: - medial border of the SARTORIUS MEDIALLY: - medial border of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS SUPERIORLY: - the INGUINIAL LIGAMENT (which runs from the ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine- to the pubic tubercle)
62
what does the FEMORAL TRIANGLE CONTAIN
NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE: -FEMORAL ARTERY - FEMORAL VEIN - FEMORAL NERVE
63
which ARTERY is in the FEMORAL TRIANGLE
FEMORAL ARTERY
64
what is the PURPOSE of the ADDUCTOR HIATUS in the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
Hole that ALLOWS PASSAGE of the FEMORAL ARTERY to the BACK of the knee ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR where it will be called the POPLITIEAL ARTERY
65
name for the CONTINUATION of the FEMORAL ARTERY found at the back of the knee
POPLITIEAL ARTERY
66
main BLOOD SUPPLY of the FEMORAL HEAD in an adult
LATERAL EPIPHYSEAL ARTERY

Musculoskeletal System (18 decks)

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