03c: Axilla, Arm, Elbow

Question 1

Axilla anterior boundary

Answer 1

Pec major and minor

Question 2

Axilla posterior boundary

Answer 2

Scapula, subscapularis, lats, teres major

Question 3

Axilla medial boundary

Answer 3

Ribs 1-4 and serratus anterior

Question 4

Axilla lateral boundary

Answer 4

Inter tubercular groove of humerus

Question 5

Axilla base

Answer 5

Skin/fascia of arm

Question 6

Axilla apex

Answer 6

Convergence of scapula, clavicle, and first rib

Question 7

T/F: all blood supply to upper extremities passes through Axilla

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Axilla contents

Answer 8

1. Axillary artery and vein
2. Lymphatics
3. Brachial plexus

Question 9

List name changes that the (X) artery goes through as it travels from aorta to upper arm

Answer 9

X = subclavian

1. Axillary (1, 2, 3)
2. Brachial

Question 10

The axillary artery maintains its name from (X) landmark until (Y) landmark.

Answer 10

X = lateral border of first rib
Y = inferior border of teres major

Question 11

Branches off axillary artery #1.

Answer 11

Superior thoracic artery

Question 12

Branches off axillary artery #2.

Answer 12

1. Thoracoacromial trunk (APCD branches)

2. Lateral thoracic artery

Question 13

Branches off axillary artery #3.

Answer 13

1. PHCA
2. AHCA
3. Subscapular trunk (circumflex scapular artery)

Question 14

(X) branches off axillary artery form anastomoses.

Answer 14

X = AHCA and PHCA

Question 15

Scapular region receives blood supply from subclavian via which arteries?

Answer 15

1. Suprascapular artery (off Thyrocervical trunk)

2. Dorsal scapular artery

Question 16

Which three arteries form anastomoses along (anterior/posterior) scapula.

Answer 16

Posterior;

1. Dorsal scapular
2. Suprascapular
3. Circumflex scapular

Question 17

Major branch off brachial artery.

Answer 17

Brachial profunda artery

Question 18

At which landmark does the brachial artery split into (X)?

Answer 18

Elbow;

X = radial and ulnar arteries

Question 19

The (X) artery off the brachial artery further divides into (Y) interosseous arteries.

Answer 19

X = ulnar
Y = anterior and posterior

Question 20

T/F: There are anastomoses of vessels around the elbow.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The (X) vein, that passes through the axilla, is formed at (Y) by the union of:

Answer 21

X = axillary
Y = Inferior border of teres major

1. Brachial veins
2. Basilic vein

Question 22

The axillary vein drains into:

Answer 22

Subclavian vein

Question 23

Upper extremity venous drainage: (W) drains the (X) palmar arches. The blood travels medially via (Y) and laterally via (Z).

Answer 23

W = dorsal venous network
X = superficial and deep venous
Y = basilic vein
Z = cephalic vein

Question 24

The (X) vein, most common site of venipuncture, is located in (Y) landmark and connects (Z).

Answer 24

X = median cubital
Y = cubital fossa
Z = basilic and cephalic veins

Question 25

List articulations that contribute to elbow complex. Star those that share a joint capsule.

Answer 25

1. Humeroulnar* 2. Humeroradial* 3. Proximal* and distal radioulnar

Question 26

Humeroulnar joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.

Answer 26

``` X = hinge Y = F/E ```

Question 27

Humeroradial joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.

Answer 27

``` X = modified hinge Y = F/E and a bit of rotation ```

Question 28

Proximal radioulnar joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.

Answer 28

``` X = Pivot Y = Pronation/supination ```

Question 29

Distal radioulnar joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.

Answer 29

``` X = pivot Y = Pronation/supination ```

Question 30

List ligaments in elbow region that contribute to elbow complex.

Answer 30

1. Annular | 2. Medial and lateral collateral

Question 31

The (X) ligament contributes to elbow stability by wrapping around (Y) and holding it against (Z).

Answer 31

``` X = annular Y = radial head Z = radial notch of ulna ```

Question 32

(X) ligament blends with (Y) ligament of elbow. Which action does it protect against?

Answer 32

``` X = lateral collateral Y = annular ``` Medial deviation of forearm

Question 33

Medial collateral ligament of elbow, aka (X), attaches to which specific structure(s)? Which action does it protect against?

Answer 33

X = ulnar collateral ligament 1. Medial epicondyle of humerus 2. Coronoid and olecranon processes of ulna Lateral deviation of forearm

Question 34

In supination, (X) spins on (Y). Which joints involved?

Answer 34

``` X = radius head Y = capitulum of humerus ``` Humeroradial, proximal and distal radioulnar

Question 35

List muscles in upper arm that act to flex elbow.

Answer 35

1. Biceps brachii 2. Brachialis 3. Brachioradialis

Question 36

Muscles and nerves can tolerate about (X) (sec/min/hours) of ischemia.

Answer 36

X = 6 hours

Question 37

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus likely damages which nerve(s)/vessel(s)?

Answer 37

Axillary and PHCA (run posteriorly around surgical neck)