05c: Thigh

Question 1

Deep fascia of thigh is formally called:

Answer 1

Fascia lata

Question 2

Deep fascia of leg is formally called:v

Answer 2

Crural fascia

Question 3

(Nerves/arteries/veins) can be found in superficial fascia of the lower extremities.

Answer 3

Nerves and veins

Question 4

(X) vein travels up medial leg and enters (Y), where it empties into (Z).

Answer 4

X = great saphenous
Y = saphenous opening
Z = femoral vein

Question 5

(X) vein travels up lateral leg and enters (Y), where it empties into (Z).

Answer 5

X = small saphenous
Y = popliteal fossa
Z = popliteal vein

Question 6

Varicose veins are a result of:

Answer 6

Blood collection in veins due to weakened valves

Question 7

Varicose veins are (superficial/deep) veins.

Answer 7

Superficial

Question 8

Intermuscular septa is continuous with (X). What are its key functions?

Answer 8

X = deep fascia

1. Separates thigh compartments
2. Limits outward expansion of contracting muscles
3. Faciliates return of venous blood

Question 9

What’s compartment syndrome?

Answer 9

Pressure increases in compartment, compressing cappilaries (leading to necrosis)

Question 10

Fasciotomy is a procedure for (X) in which (Y) occurs.

Answer 10

X = compartment syndrome
Y = skin and fascia cut (to release pressure)

Question 11

The strongest hip flexor:

Answer 11

Iliospoas (iliacus and psoas major)

Question 12

Iliacus and psoas major have the same (origin/insertion).

Answer 12

Insertion

Question 13

The only muscle(s) in anterior thigh not innervated by (X) is/are (Y). Why?

Answer 13

X = femoral nerve
Y = psoas major

Femoral nerve formed within belly of psoas major

Question 14

Iliopsoas pass (superficial/deep) to inguinal ligament.

Answer 14

Deep

Question 15

List the “quad femoris” muscle group.

Answer 15

1. Rectus femoris

2. Vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius

Question 16

T/F: In anterior thigh, only muscle that acts on hip is iliopsoas.

Answer 16

False - rectus femoris and sartorius as well

Question 17

Articularis genu is located (superficial/deep) to (X) muscle and functions to:

Answer 17

Deep;
X = vastus intermedius

Prevents synovial membrane from extending under patella

Question 18

Which muscles attach on pes anserinus?

Answer 18

1. Sartorius
2. Gracilis
3. Semitendinosus

Question 19

Where exactly is pes anserinus?

Answer 19

Medial tibia

Question 20

Femoral nerve, with SC roots (X), enters lower extremity by passing (superficial/deep) to inguinal ligament.

Answer 20

X = L2-4

Deep

Question 21

Saphenous nerve, a branch of (X), is cutaneous supply to:

Answer 21

X = (largest cutaneous branch of) femoral nerve

Medial leg and foot

Question 22

(X) muscle(s) in medial thigh is/are innervated by two nerves, (Y).

Answer 22

X = pectineus
Y = obturator and femoral

Question 23

Most medial thigh muscles share which action? List any exceptions.

Answer 23

Adduction; obturator externus

Question 24

Which muscle is largest in medial compartment?

Answer 24

Adductur portion of adductor magnus

Question 25

Obturator nerve, with SC roots (X), enters lower extremity by passing through (Y).

Answer 25

``` X = L2-4 Y = obturator canal ```

Question 26

Obturator nerve branches near which structure? Its (X) branches descend in close proximity to which structure?

Answer 26

Just inferior to obturator foramen; X = anterior and posterior On either side of adductor brevis muscle

Question 27

T/F: Obturator nerve has cutaneous branch.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Cutaneous supply to medial thigh via (X) nerve.

Answer 28

X = obturator

Question 29

(Most/all) posterior thigh muscles innervated by (X) nerve. List any exceptions.

Answer 29

Most; X = tibial Except short head of biceps femoris (common fibular nerve)

Question 30

(Most/all) posterior thigh muscles originate on (X). List any exceptions.

Answer 30

Most; X = ischial tuberosity Except short head biceps femoris

Question 31

All posterior thigh muscles have which common action?

Answer 31

Knee flexion

Question 32

Which, if any, posterior thigh muscles act on hip? What's the respective action(s)?

Answer 32

1. Semitendinosus 2. Semimembranosus 3. Long head biceps femoris All extend hip

Question 33

List posterior hip muscles and star those that insert on tibia.

Answer 33

1. Semitendinosus* 2. Semimembranosus* 3. Long head and short head biceps femoris (fibula)

Question 34

Sciatic nerve has which SC roots?

Answer 34

L4-S3

Question 35

Cutaneous innervation to posterior thigh from (X) nerve.

Answer 35

X = Posterior femoral cutaneous

Question 36

Cutaneous innervation to skin over popliteal fossa from (X) nerve.

Answer 36

X = posterior femoral cutaneous

Question 37

Medial sural nerve comes from (X) nerve and innervates:

Answer 37

X = tibial nerve Cutaneous to leg over lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 38

Lateral sural nerve comes from (X) nerve and innervates:

Answer 38

X = common fibular nerve Cutaneous to area just lateral of popliteal fossa

Question 39

Superior border of femoral triangle.

Answer 39

Inguinal ligament

Question 40

Lateral border of femoral triangle.

Answer 40

Sartorius

Question 41

Medial border of femoral triangle.

Answer 41

Adductor longus

Question 42

Floor of femoral triangle.

Answer 42

Iliopsoas and pectineus

Question 43

Roof of femoral triangle.

Answer 43

Fascia, subQ tissue, skin

Question 44

Contents of fem triangle, from lateral to medial. Star those that travel together in femoral (X).

Answer 44

X = sheath 1. Femoral Nerve 2. Femoral Artery* 3. Femoral Vein* 4. Empty space* 5. Lymphatics*

Question 45

The femoral sheath is divided into which compartments?

Answer 45

1. Lateral 2. Intermediate 3. Medial

Question 46

Lateral compartment of femoral sheath contains:

Answer 46

Femoral artery

Question 47

(X) compartment of femoral sheath forms femoral ring and femoral (Y), which includes (Z).

Answer 47

``` X = medial Y = canal Z = Empty space, lymphatics (deep inguinal lymph node) ```

Question 48

The femoral (X), a proximal potential opening to femoral canal, is closed by (Y).

Answer 48

``` X = ring Y = femoral septum ```

Question 49

Intermediate compartment of femoral sheath contains:

Answer 49

Femoral vein

Question 50

The (X) vein travels through (Y) opening to reach/empty into the femoral vein.

Answer 50

``` X = great saphenous Y = saphenous ```

Question 51

Femoral hernia: Disruption of (X) allows (Y) to pass through (Z).

Answer 51

``` X = femoral septum Y = visceral contents Z = femoral canal and saphenous opening (into superior thigh) ```

Question 52

Femoral artery gives rise to (X), its largest branch, near which landmark?

Answer 52

X = Profunda femoris Within femoral triangle

Question 53

List branches off profunda femoris.

Answer 53

1. Lateral circumflex femoral 2. Medial circumflex femoral 3. Perforating arteries (4)

Question 54

Perforating arteries off of profunda femoris supply:

Answer 54

Muscles in all 3 thigh compartments

Question 55

List terminal branches of lateral circumflex femoral artery, which stems from (X).

Answer 55

X = profunda femoris 1. Ascending 2. Transverse 3. Descending

Question 56

Profunda femoris route: (X) branches of (Y) arteries supply the femoral head and neck. Star the major blood supply to femoral head.

Answer 56

``` X = retinacular Y = ascending branches of medial(*) and lateral circumflex femoral arteries ```

Question 57

List terminal branches of medial circumflex femoral artery, which stems from (X).

Answer 57

X = profunda femoris 1. Ascending 2. Transverse

Question 58

Descending branch of (medial/lateral) circumflex femoral artery contributes to:

Answer 58

Lateral; Genicular anastamosis

Question 59

Medial circumflex femoral artery travels (on/between/under) which structures?

Answer 59

Between; | Iliopsoas and pectineus

Question 60

Which perforating arteries from profunda femoris contribute to anastamoses?

Answer 60

1. First (to cruciate anastamosis) | 2. Fourth (anastamosis with popliteal fossa)

Question 61

The purpose of cruciate anastamosis is:

Answer 61

Communication between branches of external and internal iliac arteries; provides alternate routes to popliteal fossa/leg

Question 62

Cruciate anastamosis formed by:

Answer 62

1. Inferior gluteal artery 2. Medial and lateral circumflex femoral (transverse branches) 3. First perforating artery off profunda femoris

Question 63

The adductor canal extends from (X) to (Y). What's its purpose?

Answer 63

``` X = apex of femoral triangle Y = adductor hiatus ``` Provides inter muscular passage for neurovascular structures

Question 64

Which specific structures pass through adductor canal?

Answer 64

1. Femoral artery and vein 2. Saphenous nerve 3. Nerve to vastus medialis

Question 65

Nerve to vastus medialis is a branch of:

Answer 65

Femoral nerve

Question 66

Upon passing through adductor hiatus and reaching (X), (Y) go/goes through name change to (Z).

Answer 66

``` X = popliteal fossa Y = femoral artery and vein Z = popliteal artery and vein ```

Question 67

T/F: All blood supply to femoral head come from profunda femoris.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

Artery of head of femur is branch off (X), which is a branch off (Y).

Answer 68

``` X = acetabular artery Y = posterior branch of obturator artery ```

Question 69

Obturator artery gives off (X) branches that anastamose with (Y).

Answer 69

``` X = anterior and posterior Y = each other ```