1-Blood pressure drugs

Question 1

systolic blood pressure

Answer 1

pressure at peak ventricular contraction

Question 2

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 2

minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation

Question 3

BP fomula

Answer 3

BP=cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistant

Question 4

sites to regulate BP

Answer 4

heart, vessels, RAAS

Question 5

what is important to us with the nephron

what leaves and where

Answer 5

NaCl leaves the distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

Thiazide Diuretics how do they work

Answer 6

inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

block the NaCl co transporter

Question 7

Bendroflumethiazide what kind of drug

Answer 7

thiazide diuretics

Question 8

what is Na role in the kidney normally

Answer 8

drives water reabsorption in the kidney

Question 9

role of β1 receptors

Answer 9

accelerate heart

Question 10

role of β2 receptors

Answer 10

dilation of bronchioles

Question 11

what kind of G couple β1 and β2

Answer 11

Gs

Question 12

targets for cardiac muscle in β1 activation

Answer 12

L-type Ca channels (increase intracellular Ca during heartbeat)

Ryanodrine receptors (increase intracellular Ca from intracellular stores)

SERCA pumps (take Ca into ER at end of heartbeat)

Question 13

targets in vascular/bronchilar smooth muscle in β2 activation

Answer 13

myosin light chain kinase

phosphorylation causes relaxation of smooth muscle

Question 14

how are adrenergic receptors inhibited? (antagonism, agonist)

Answer 14

competitive antagonism

Question 15

inotropic

Answer 15

influences cardiac contractility

Question 16

chronotropic

Answer 16

influences heart rate

Question 17

how are β blocker antihypertensive?

Answer 17

reduce cardiac output
reduce sympathetic activity
reduce renin secretion

Question 18

what causes bronchiospasm

Answer 18

β2 blocking prevents smooth muscle relaxation of bronchioles

Question 19

carvediolol

Answer 19

beta and alpha inhibition

Question 20

atenolol

Answer 20

beta1 selective

Question 21

propranolol

Answer 21

beta inhibition (non selective between the two)

Question 22

is β1 or β2 better theraputically

Answer 22

β1 , β2 not used at all

Question 23

RAAS(renin angiotension aldosterone system) does what

Answer 23

controls blood volume, salt balance and blood pressure

works to keep fluid and raise blood pressure

Question 24

what kind of drugs target RAAS

Answer 24

ARBs (angiotension receptor blockers)

ACE (angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors)

Question 25

what does renin do

Answer 25

enzyme secreted by kidney that processes angiotensinogen to ATI

Question 26

ACE what do

Answer 26

enzyme that processes ATI to ATII

Question 27

ATII what do

Answer 27

powerful vasoactive peptide that causes smooth muscle control and aldosterone release powerful vasoconstrictor

Question 28

Aldosterone what do

Answer 28

steroid hormone that promotes reabsorption of Na and H2O in the kidney preserved blood volume and increases blood pressure

Question 29

what do beta blockers stop in the pathway

Answer 29

inhibit renin secretion

Question 30

inhibiting RAAS does what to hypertension

Answer 30

anti-hypertensive

Question 31

where are ACE enzymes

Answer 31

membrane bound protein in the pulmonary capillary endothelium

Question 32

what do the Angiotension2 type 1 receptor do (At1)

Answer 32

mediate angiotension2

Question 33

what G signalling cascade in the AT1 receptor

Answer 33

Gq

Question 34

what does Ca signals trigger the release of in the adrenal cortex

Answer 34

aldosterone

Question 35

what kind of hormone is aldosterone

Answer 35

steroid --> not prepackaged into vessicles, it is controlled at the level of synthesis

Question 36

what does the mineralocorticoid receptor

Answer 36

steroid hormone receptor for aldosterone

Question 37

where aldosterone effects and why

Answer 37

na/k pump na leak channel na/cl symporter (convoluted distal tubule) because it increases sodium and water reabsorption

Question 38

side effect of angiotension 1 inhibition and why

Answer 38

cough because bradykinin is not broken down

Question 39

example of ace inhibitor

Answer 39

Captopril

Question 40

how does captopril work

Answer 40

preents cleavage of angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

Question 41

example of AT1 blocker/ ARBs

Answer 41

Losartan

Question 42

how does losartan work

Answer 42

inhibits aldosterone secretion and vasoconstriction (AT1 blocker) receptor

Question 43

are ACE inhibitors or ARBs better tolerated

Answer 43

ARBs

Question 44

example of aldosterone antagonist

Answer 44

spironolactone

Question 45

what does spironolactone do

Answer 45

diuretic because inhibits aldosterone effects