Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology 200 > 2-cannabis and cannabinoids > Flashcards

2-cannabis and cannabinoids Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is cannabis

A

genus of flowering plant, contains many bioactive compounds (THC and CBD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis

A

THC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are cannabinoids

A

class of chemical compunds that act at the cannabinoid receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are all cannabinoids cannabis

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are cannabis all cannabinoids

A

yes i think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are THC and CBD cannabis or cannabinoids

A

cannabinoids that came from cannabis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are phytocannabinoids

A

things that cannabis contain hundreds of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are terpenoids

A

in cannabis, a non-cannadiboid constituent which gives the characteristic smell
maybe also anti-inflammatory, bacterial and anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is it difficult to harness clinical utility

A

because there are so many compounds with synergistic effects and many different strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is bioavailalability

A

absorption, fraction of an administered drug that reaches effectors (receptors, plasma, CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is bioavailalability

A

absorption, fraction of an administered drug that reaches effectors (receptors, plasma, CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is bioavailability and time to reach peak plasma concentration time for smoking weed

A

25%

6-10mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is bioavailability and time to reach peak plasma concentration time for eating weed

A

6%

2-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of molecule is THC (philic/phobic to what)

A

highly lipophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is THC rapidly taken up by

A

tissues with high blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where does THC accumulate slowly

A

tissues with less blood flow and release it over a longer period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is THC metabolized and into what

A

in the enzyme by CYP 2C9 into 11-OH_THC and THC-COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is most of the THC excreted

A

as metabolites, 65% in feces and 25% in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many days for 80-90% of THC to be excreted

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many days can you detect THC in the urine for low dose THC

A

2-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how many days can you detect THC in the urine for chronic daily THC users

A

for weeks because it stores in the adipose tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which G protein is cannabinoid receptors

A

Gi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the types of cannabinoid receptors

A

CB1 and CB2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do CB receptors work (pathway after G protein)

A

decrease cAMP accumulation which decreases Ca++ in firing neuron, increases K+, inhibits neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what ions are affected by cannabinoid receptor activation
inhibits influx of Ca and promotes outflux of K
26
what does THC do to the receptors and which receptors
THC is a partial agonist at CB1
27
what does CBD do to what receptor
not totally understood | but maybe negative allosteric modulator of CB1
28
what does CBD do to the effects of THC
it can blunt the effects of THC
29
where are CB1 receptors found
some of the most abundant GPCR | brain, peripheral organs (heart, liver, fat, stomach, testes) and peripheral nerves
30
where are CB2 receptors found
mostly on immune cells
31
what are the psychoactive effects of CB2 receptors
none
32
where are there high CB1 receptors in the brain
areas of thought, reward, memory, motor | cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, etc
33
where are there low CB1 receptors in the brain
in the brain stem (autonomic reflexes)
34
what are the general effects of THC
euphoria, relaxation, disinhibition, changes in perceptrion, vasodilation, increase pulse rate
35
what are the potential theuraputic effects of THC
nausea, appetite increase, decreased ocular pressure, pain releafe
36
what are the unwanted effects of THC
memory impairment, dysphoric state, hallucination, depersonalization, psychosis
37
what can be a therapeutic potential for CBD
inflammation, anxiety, emesis, nausea, inflammatory pain, epilepsy
38
what are the acute effects of weed
panic attacks, anxiety, psychosis, paranoia, convulsions, hyperemesis, RARE
39
what are the prenatal effects of weed
maybe neuroanatomical and behavioural changes
40
why is weed not deadly
CB1 receptors are very sparse in the brain stem region (controls respiratory and cardiovascular)
41
is there a correlation with schizophrenia and cannabis
there is a lot a correlative data for schizophrenics to use more cannabis, and early cannabis use predicts later onset schizophrenia (dose dependent) but not causation
42
when is cannabis use a risk for schizophrenia
when it may be a trigger for people that are genetically at risk
43
what is tolerance
decreased response to the effects of the drug, necessitating ever larger doses to achieve the same effect
44
how does tolerance work for CB1 receptors
chronic activation of CB1 receptor uncouples from intracellular downstream signal transduction events or receptor downregulation (internalization or degradation of receptor)
45
what is psychological dependence
compulsive drug-seeking behaviour in which the individual uses the drug receptively for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health
46
what is physiological depende
revealed when withdrawal of the drug produces symptoms and signs that are frequently opposite of those sought by the user
47
what is cannabis withdrawal like
mild, short lives | restlessness, irritability, mild agitation, insomnia, nausea, cramping
48
what are synthetic cannabinoids
a manufactured compounds whose properties imitate those of the active constituents of cannabis
49
why do synthetic cannabinoids
increased specificity decreased off target effects easier dosing better controlled studies
50
what are the most well confirmed clinical effects
help with nausea, appetite loss
51
what is nabilone
synthetic analog of THC
52
whast is Dronabinol
a trans isomer of THC (enantiomer), approved nausea for chemo patients and weight loss for AIDs
53
how are nabilone and dronabinol taken?
orally
54
why does nabilone and dronabinol have less psychotropic effects than cannabis
b/c they are taken orally and also because the strictures are different. also because this is pure, not with the other stuff in it
55
what is nabiximol (sativex)
``` botanical drug, cannabis extract 1:1 mixture of THC and cannabinol sublingual spray pain relief for MS or cancer less psychotropic effects than smoked ```
56
what is rimonbant | how does it work
inverse agonist at the CB1 receptor | thought it would be good for obesity. it was but then people got depressed
57
what are the 2 types of endocannabinoids
anadamide (AEA) and 2-arachinoyl glycerol (2-AG)
58
what are endocannabinoids | what do they do
endogenous cannabinoids that mediate mood, feeding and motor function
59
how are AEA and 2-AG made
from the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
60
what kind of neurotransmitters are AEA and 2-AG
retrograde neurotransmitters
61
whats a retrograde neurotransmitters
they are not stored in vesicles, but are synthesized in demand when needed released by a postsynaptic dendrite or cell body, and travels "backwards" across a chemical synapse to bind to the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron
62
how do endocannabinoids affect neuronal release
like THC, it decreases neuronal release of other transmitters
63
how is synthesis of 2AG or AEA stimulated
by an increase in intracellular Ca (when synaptic neuron becomes depolarized by the action of a neurotransmitter) this is how it is only produced in activated brian regions
64
how are AEA and 2AG rapidly cleared from the synapse and inactivated
rapidly by FAAH | fatty-acid amide hydrolase) and MAGL (monoacylclycerol lipase
65
what does suppression of FAAH and MAGL cause
a prolongation of the activity of endocannabinoids (enhance CB1 activation) where AEA and 2AG levels are the highest
66
how were FAAH and MAGL thought to work
maybe for chronic pain | but some show severe side effects
67
does FAAH and MAGL produce the typical psychoactive effects of THC
no | but it does do analgesia

Pharmacology 200 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions