GUT Urinary tract and pelvis

Question 1

What structure separates the true and false pelvis?

Answer 1

Pelvic inlet

Question 2

What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 2

Piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve

Question 3

What nerve roots supply the skeletal muscle in the perineum and pelvic floor (including the urethral and anal sphincters)?

Answer 3

S2 to S4

Question 4

What is the name of the major nerve of the perineum?

Answer 4

The pudendal nerve

Question 5

Where would you preform a pudendal nerve block?

Answer 5

At the ischial tuberosity

Question 6

What arteries supply blood to the perineum?

Answer 6

Internal iliac artery (ant and post branches)

Question 7

Infections of the superficial perineal structures would cause lymphadenopathy where?

Answer 7

Superficial inguinal nodes or deep inguinal nodes

Question 8

Deep pelvic structures drain to what lymphatic vessels?

Answer 8

Internal and external iliac chains

Question 9

The ovaries and testes drain to what lymphatic vessels?

Answer 9

Lateral and pre-aortic nodes

Question 10

The perineum is made up of what 2 triangles?

Answer 10

The urogenital triangle (anterior) and anal triangle (posterior)

Question 11

What muscles is the pelvic diaphragm composed of?

Answer 11

Levator ani (iliococcygeus muscle, pubococcygeus muscle, puborectalsis muscle)
and the coccygeus muscle

Question 12

What is the “muscle of civilization”?

Answer 12

The puborectalis muscle - because it holds in farts

Question 13

The levator ani and perineal membrane come together at the?

Answer 13

Perineal body

Question 14

The 3 external anal sphincters are the deep, superficial, and subcutaneous sphincters. What are they innervated by?

Answer 14

inferior rectal branches of the pudendal nerve

Question 15

The anal pecten represents the transition from ___ to ____.

Answer 15

rectal mucosa to nonkeratinized squamous epithelium

Question 16

The anocutaenous line represents the transition from ____ to _____

Answer 16

nonkeratinized squamous epithelium to keratinized squamous epithelium (true skin)

Question 17

The trigone is an area of smooth muscle between connecting what 3 bladder structures?

Answer 17

The opening of the ureters and the internal urethral orifice

Question 18

What ligament connects the bladder to the abdominal wall?

Answer 18

Median umbilical ligament.

Question 19

What are the 3 major supporting ligaments of the uterus?

Answer 19

Cardinal ligament (transverse cervical or Mackenrodt)
Uterosacral ligaments
Anterior pubocervical ligament

Question 20

What are 2 other ligaments of the uterus that are not major supporting ligaments?

Answer 20

Broad ligament of the uterus

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 21

The deep pouch posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum is called the?

Answer 21

Rectouterine or rectovaginal pouch or pouch of douglas

Question 22

What are the 3 supporting structures of the ovaries?

Answer 22

Mesovarium
Suspensory ligament
Ligament of Ovary (continuous with round ligament of uterus)

Question 23

What paired penile structures function as erectile tissues?

Answer 23

Corpora cavernosa

Question 24

What unpaired penile structure houses the urethra?

Answer 24

corpora spongiosum

Question 25

What male sex organ lies inferior to the bladder?

Answer 25

The prostate gland

Question 26

These paired male sex organs lie posterior to the bladder and superior to the prostate.

Answer 26

Seminal vesicles

Question 27

BPH is caused by hyperplasia in what zone of the prostate?

Answer 27

Transitional zone

Question 28

The most common location of prostate cancer is the?

Answer 28

Peripheral zone (70%)

Question 29

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 29

Heat exchange to keep the testes just right.

Question 30

Arterial supply to the dorsal artery of the penis?

Answer 30

Internal pudendal artery

Question 31

What supplies the erectile tissues of the penis?

Answer 31

Perineal arteries branching to deep artery of the penis

Question 32

Testicular arteries arise from where?

Answer 32

Abdominal aorta

Question 33

Are erections stimulated by SNS or PSNS?

Answer 33

PSNS S2-S4

Question 34

Sensation from the penis is via what nerve?

Answer 34

Pudendal and perineal nerves

Question 35

Explain where fluid from a torn urethra would collect.

Why?

Answer 35

Anterior to the anterior abdominal wall.
Not down the legs because the colle’s fascia is continuous with the abdominal fascia but gets tacked down at the inguinal ligament and anterior to the anal triangle.