Kidneys part 2

Question 1

CKD is characterized by decreased kidney function for how long?

Answer 1

3 months

Question 2

Most common causes of CKD?

Answer 2

diabetes

HTN

Question 3

What product is muscle metabolism is a measure of kidney function?

Answer 3

Creatinine

Question 4

What is a normal Cr?

Answer 4

0.6-1.2mg/dL

Question 5

GFR is also known as?

Answer 5

Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)

Question 6

What is a normal CrCl?

Answer 6

> 90

Question 7

Gold standard for measurement for GFR?

Answer 7

Insulin clearance

Question 8

What is the most commonly used estimate of GFR?

Answer 8

Cockcroft-Gault equation and MDRD

Question 9

When calculating a GFR, should you use a patients actual body weight or ideal body weight?

Answer 9

Ideal body weight

Question 10

What is a normal level of urine protein?

Answer 10

<150mg/dL

Question 11

What is the gold standard test to assess proteinuria?

Answer 11

24 hour urine

Question 12

What lab finding is specific to CKD?

Answer 12

Albuminuria

Question 13

What would be the first abnormal finding in CKD?

Answer 13

Urine albumin

Question 14

What lab rest is the preferred test in screening for albuminuria?

Answer 14

Urine albumin to creatinine ratio

Question 15

You are concerned that your patient may be developing early CKD due to his lifestyle. Is a urine dipstick an appropriate test?

Answer 15

No, urine dipstick only detects urine albumin over 500.

Question 16

What is a normal urine albumin?

Answer 16

<30mg/dL

Question 17

You are seeing a diabetic patient and find albuminuria in routine lab findings. What medications should you consider putting this patient on?

Answer 17

ACEI or ARB

Question 18

Normal size of a kidney?

Answer 18

10cm

Question 19

In CKD, do kidneys increase or decrease in size?

Answer 19

Decrease

Question 20

There are a shit load of meds to avoid/be aware of in CKD patients. Try to name some of them.

Answer 20

NSAIDs
Contrast
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Aluminum
Antimicrobials
Diabetic meds
Decongestants
Antihypertensives
Opioids and gabapentin

Question 21

CKD also has a shit load of complications. Which of the following are NOT complications of CKD?

a) HTN
b) Hyperphosphatemia
c) Hyponatremia
d) Hyperparathyroidism
e) Anemia
f) Hyperkalemia
g) Acidosis
h) Uremic encephalopathy

Answer 21

c) hyponatremia

All the others are complications of CKD

Question 22

At what GFR is dialysis typically indicated?

Answer 22

10-15

Question 23

What are the different types of dialysis?

Answer 23

Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis (Continuous ambulatory and continuous cyclic)

Question 24

What type of dialysis does a patient do at home while they sleep?

Answer 24

Continuous cyclic dialysis

Question 25

Classic findings of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 25

Edema
Proteinuria
Low serum albumin
Hyperlipidemia

Question 26

Classis findings of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 26

HTN
Hematuria
Proteinuria