Chapter 14 Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?
Microbes crossing the placenta to the fetus
Mutualism is a relationship
That provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one cannot live without the other
The bacteria staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in the nasal cavity of healthy people. If inhaled into the lungs, however, it may cause pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus is best described as
Both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen
Chagas’ disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?
Parenteral route
Symptoms are
Subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel
The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become _____ with microbes that become established as their microbiota
Colonized
In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?
A person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears
Which of the following statements regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is FALSE?
The suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in the disease cases
Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota?
Microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy
Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens ?
Treatment of a cancer patient with radiation
Which of the following is NOT considered a member of the normal human microbiota
Microsporum
A toxin common to all Gram-negative bacteria is
Lipid A
Among the virulence factors produced by staphylococcus aureus are hemolysis, coagulase, hyluronidase and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute to the ability of S. Aureus to invade the body ?
Hyaluronidase
Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is the most severe?
The illness period
Which of the following is transmitted by the parenteral route?
Yellow fever
Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?
Cockroach transmission of Shingella
Which of the following is a sign of disease
Fever
Which of the following are a symptom of disease?
Fatigue
Diseases that are introduced by modern medical procedures are referred to as ________ infections
Iatrogenic
The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and remain viable in the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, what type of transmission has occurred?
Airborne
In early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza(swine flu) in the US. By the summer the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The patterns of the novel H1N1 cases in the US respresents a ______ disease
Epidemic
The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the US was 12.43/100,000 cases this means
There were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the US in the year 2000
A strain of neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has the pathogen lost?
The ability to adhere to cells of the body
Over 470,000 cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the 2010 earthquake. Which of the following was most likely the mode of transmission
Contaminated water
The person known to history as Typhoid Mary never had typhoid fever but was identified by the public health officials as a source of salmonella enterica Typhi. Which of the following is the most accurate description of her in this scenario?
Both a human carrier and a reservoir
Aerosols may be involved in _____ transmission of pathogens
Droplet
Fomites are
Inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens