The Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

inguinal canal

A

3-5 cm oblique passageway occurring in the inguinal region of the anterior body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

formation of inguinal canal:

inguinal canal is formed during ___ when the ___ (___) descend form the posterior abdominal wall

in prenatal males, the ___ will pass through the inguinal canal & come to rest in the ___

the ___ contains vasculature & the ___, which traverse the inguinal canal & connect the testes to structures within the pelvis

in females, the ___ traverses the inguinal canal

A

fetal development, gonads (testes or ovaries)

testes, scrotum

spermatic cord, ductas (vas) deferens

round ligament of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

descent of the testes:

the testes start in the ___

they are situated on the ___

they are covered with a ___ & are termed ___

A

upper lumbar region

posterior abdominal wall

peritoneum, retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

descent of the testes:

during embryonic week 7, the ___ (___) condenses along the posterior abdominal wall

the paired ___ connect the inferior surface of each testis to the ___

A

gubernaculum (a ligamentous cord)

gubernacula, scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

descent of the testes:

growth of the __ & shortening of the ___ results in peritoneum & testes being pulled ___ & the formation of the ___ (___)

A

embryo, gubernaculum, inferiorly, processus vaginalis (outpouching of peritoneum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

descent of the testes:

the ___ forms immediately anterior to the gubernaculum & precedes the ___ as it moves toward the scrotum

this results in the ___ pushing through the ___ fascia, the ___ muscle, & the ___ muscle & the formation of the ___ canal

A

processus vaginalis, testis

processus vaginalis, transversalis, internal oblique, external oblique, inguinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

descent of the testes:

the opening produced by the processus vaginalis in the transversalis fascia becomes the ___

the opening in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique becomes the ___

the processus vaginalis carries extensions of the layers of the ___ fascia, the ___ muscle, & the ___ muscle as it descends

A

deep inguinal ring

superficial inguinal ring

transversalis, internal oblique, external oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

descent of the testes:

in the male, the transversalis fascia, the internal oblique muscle, & the external oblique muscle contribute layers to form the ___ & testes

the testis continues its descent & comes to lie on the ___ of this processus vaginalis

the testis then embeds itself into the processus vaginalis & thus obtains two layers of peritoneum known as the ___: the ___ (on the tesits) & the ___

A

coverings of the spermatic cord

inferior extent

tunica vaginalis, visceral, parietal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

descent of the testes:

the testes is at the deep inguinal ring at about ___ of intrauterine life

the descent of the testes is virtually concluded by the ___ of intrauterine life

the processus vaginalis obliterates shortly after birth leaving only the ___

the gubernaculum remains in the adult male as the ___ or “___” (this ligament secures the testis to the most inferior portion of the scrotum)

A

7 months

8th month

tunica vaginalis

gubernaculum testis, “scrotal ligament”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cryptorchidism

A

usually, the tests have descended into the scrotum at birth, but occasionally one or both may remain in the pelvic cavity or inguinal canal

cryptorchidism = “hidden testis”

this can be remedied surgically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

coverings of the spermatic cord:

the spermatic cord is covered by ___ layers derived from the anterior abdominal wall

these layers form as the ___ evaginated the abdominal wall & carried part of each of its layers into the ___

A

3 concentric

processus vaginalis, scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

coverings of the spermatic cord:
internal spermatic fascia:

forms as the ___ evaginates the transversalis fascia

the ___ covering of the spermatic cord

A

processus vaginalis

filmy innermost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

coverings of the spermatic cord:
cremasteric muscle & fascia:

the ___ covering of the spermatic cord which contains ___

as the processus vaginalis w/ its covering of ___ evaginates the internal abdominal oblique muscle, it acquired a few of the muscle fibers & some ___ of this muscle

the cremasteric muscles are not usually under ___ control but are ___ muscles & when contracted raise the ___ (particularly in the cold)

A

middle, loops of cremaster muscle

internal spermatic fascia, investing fascia

voluntary, skeletal, testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

coverings of the spermatic cord:
cremasteric muscle & fascia:

the ___ is a contraction of cremasteric muscle after stroking the inner thigh results ina lifting of the scrotum & testis on the side stroked

the nerve is ___

the artery is ___

A

cremasteric reflex

genitofemoral nerve - efferent fibers

cremasteric artery - from the inferior epigastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

coverings of the spermatic cord:
external spermatic fascia

the ___ covering of the spermatic cord

as the processus vaginalis evaginates the ___ & forms the ___ it carries an extension of this aponeurosis which becomes the ___

it is attached superior to the ___

it is continuous w/ the fascia covering the ___ muscle

A

thin outermost

external oblique aponeruosis, superficial inguinal ring, external spermatic fascia

crura of the superficial inguinal ring

external abdominal oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

descent of the ovaries:

ovaries start in the ___

they are covered with a ___ & are termed ___

during embryonic week 7, the ___ (___) condenses along the posterior abdominal wall

the paired ___ connect the inferior surface of each ovary to the ___

A

upper lumbar region

peritoneum, retroperitoneal

gubernaculum (a ligamentous cord)

gubernacula, bottom of the labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

descent of the ovaries:

ovaries migrate from the ___ to a point just below the ___

they do not pass through the ___

the ___ becomes incorporated into the wall of the uterus

the remnants of the gubernaculum in the female are the ___ & the ___

the ___ passes through the inguinal canal & continues on to the ___

A

lumbar region, pelvic brim

inguinal canal

gubernaculum

round ligament of the uterus, ligament of the ovary

round ligament of the uterus, labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

boundaries of the inguinal canal:

deep (internal) ring

A

an opening in the transversalis fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

boundaries of the inguinal canal:

superficial (external) ring

A

an opening in the aponeruosis of the external oblique msucle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

boundaries of the inguinal canal:
anterior wall:

___ abdominal oblique ___

___ abdominal oblique ___

A

external, over entire length (aponeurosis of)

internal, on lateral one-third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

boundaries of the inguinal canal:
posterior wall

___ fascia ___

___ tendon ___

___ ligament of the ___ oblique ___

A

transversalis, over entire length

conjoint, on medial one-third

reflected inguinal, external abdominal, on medial one-third

22
Q

boundaries of the inguinal canal:

roof

A

arched fibers of the internal abdominal oblique muscle & transversus abdominis muscle

23
Q

boundaries of the inguinal canal:
floor

___ ligament of the ___ oblique

___ ligament of the ___ oblique

A

inguinal, external

lacunar, external

24
Q

direct & indirect inguinal hernias:

a hernia is a protrusion of ___ (___) through an ___, or a weakened ___

the inguinal canal is the point where the ___ is weakened

A

tissue (internal organ), abnormal opening, anterior abdominal wall

inguinal canal, anterior abdominal wall

25
Q

direct & indirect inguinal hernias:
indirect inguinal hernia:

may occur when the ___ remains patent, & an internal organ (e.g. a loop of intestine) passes through the ___

occurs ___ to the ___ vessels

an internal organ may pass completely through the ___ (i.e. through both ___ & ___ inguinal rings) & lie in its ___

A

processus vaginalis, deep inguinal ring

lateral, inferior epigastric

inguinal canal, (deep & superficial), scrotum

26
Q

direct & indirect inguinal hernias:
direct inguinal hernia:

occurs when an internal organ pushes directly through the ___ w/o traversing the ___

occurs ___ to the ___ vessels, & lies in a small area known as ___

produces a bulge deep to the ___

when abdominal contents put pressure on transversalis fascia (& subserous fascia & peritoneum), an internal organ may traverse the ___

A

superficial inguinal ring, inguinal canal

medial, inferior epigastric, Hesselbach’s triangle

conjoined tendon

posterior wall of inguinal canal

27
Q

direct & indirect inguinal hernias:
direct inguinal hernia:

the contents of the hernia will enter the inguinal canal along side the ___ distal to the origin of the ___

contents of the hernia are located between the ___ & the ___ layer

this is an acquired condition due to the weakness of the ___ of the ___

more common in ___

A

spermatic cord, internal spermatic fascia

internal spermatic, cremasteric fascia

posterior wall, inguinal canal

older men

28
Q

the scrotum:

an extension of the ___

on its surface, the scrotum is divided by a ___ into right & left havles

the scrotum is a ___ sac that consists of ___ & ___

A

anterior abdominal wall

scrotal raphe

pendulous, skin, superficial fascia

29
Q

layers of the scrotum (2)

A

skin

superficial fascia

30
Q

layers of the scrotum:

skin

A

the skin in this area is dark in color & wrinkled (rugosa)

31
Q

layers of the scrotum:
superficial fascia:

devoid of ___ & contains ___ muscle called ___

this muscle is an ___ muscle that inserts in the skin & causes scrotum to ___ when cold

muscle is innervated by ___ fibers

A

fat, smooth, dartos muscle

involuntary, wrinkle

sympathetic nerve

32
Q

layers of the scrotum:
superficial fascia:

continuous w/ the membranous layer of ___ of the abdomen (___) & the ___ (___)

forms an incomplete ___ that divides the scrotum into a right & left half

A

superficial fascia, scarpa’s fascia, perineum, colle’s fascia

scrotal septum

33
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the testis

an ___ gland

produce ___

secrete ___

A

ovoid

sperm

sex hormones

34
Q

contents of the scrotum:

the coverings of the testis (5)

A

external spermatic fascia
cremasteric muscle & fascia
internal spermatic fascia
tunica albuginea

35
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the coverings of the testis:
tunica vaginalis testis

derivative of the ___

composed of 2 layers:

___ layer next to ___

___ layer

  • adherent to the ___ & ___ (the coiled structure that houses the sperm)
  • laterally passes b/n the above two structures to form the ___
A

processus vaginalis

parietal, internal spermatic fascia

visceral

  • testis, epididymis
  • sinus of the epididymis
36
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the coverings of the testis:
tunica albuginea

a ___ layer of ___ tissue surrounding the testes which is found deep to the ___ layer of the ___

extensions of the tunica albuginea form ___ within the testes thus subdividing the testes into ___

A

dense, connective, visceral, tunica vaginalis

septa, lobules

37
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the testis:

seminiferous tubules

  • within ___ formed by the ___ in the testes
  • it’s within these tubules that ___ are produced
  • join to form the ___

efferent ductules

  • number: ___
  • connect the ___ to the ___
A

lobules, septa
sperm
rete testis

15-20
rete testis, head of the epididymis

38
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the epididymis:

a ___ that’s about ___ long which connects the ___ to the ___

forms on the ___ & ___ surface of the testis

can be divided into three regions: ___, ___, & ___

A

tightly-coiled tube, efferent ducts, vas deferens

superior, posterolateral

body, tail, head

39
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the epididymis:
body:

consists of ___

separated from testes by the ___

A

the highly convoluted duct of the epididymis

sinus of the epididymis

40
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the epididymis:
tail

A

continuous w/ the vas deferens (ductus deferens)

41
Q

contents of the scrotum:
the epididymis:
head

A

connects to testes efferent ductules

42
Q

contents of the scrotum:
vas deferens or ductus deferens (vas deferens):

transports ___ to the ___

___ enters the vas deferens at time of ___

the vas deferens travels through the ___ to the ___ & into the ___

A

sperm, ejaculatory duct

sperm, ejaculation

superficial inguinal ring, deep inguinal ring, abdomen

43
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:

all the structures attached to the testes before its descent ___

A

remain attached to the testis after its descent

44
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:
the vas deferens (ductus deferens):

this is a ___ of the testes

it lies in the ___ of the spermatic cord

it can be easily ___ in the ___ of the scrotum

it carries ___ from ___ to the ___

A

large duct

posterior part

palpated, upper part

sperm, epididymis, urethra

45
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:
arteries:
testicular artery:

a ___ vessel arising from the front of the ___

supplies the ___ & ___

goes through the ___

A

long slender, aorta

testis, epididymis

inguinal canal

46
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:
arteries:
artery of ductus deferens:

arises from the ___

follows the ___ through its course

anastomoses with the ___ near the testes

A

inferior vesical artery (artery of the bladder)

ductus deferens

testicular artery

47
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:
arteries:
cremasteric artery

arises from the ___

supplies the ___ muscle & other ___

A

inferior epigastric artery

cremasteric, coverings of the cord

48
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:
veins:

___ veins from the ___ surface anastomose to form a ___*

surrounds the ___ & ___

ends in the ___

drains into the ___ on the left side

drains into the ___ on the right side

A

12, posterior, pampiniform plexus

ductus deferens, arteries

testicular vein

left renal vein

inferior vena cav

49
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:
nerves:

ilioinguinal nerve: ___

fibers on arteries: ___

fibers for ductus deferens (pain & sickening sensation when testis is hit): ___

genitofemoral nerve: ___

A

skin of scrotum & labia major

sympathetic

sympathetic & parasympathetic

passes into the spermatic cord & supplies the cremaster & skin, scrotum, & labia

50
Q

contents of the spermatic cord:
lymph vessels

drain the ___

pass ___ in the spermatic cord to drain into the ___

A

testis

upward, lumbar nodes