The Gluteal Region & Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

gluteal region:

deep fascia of the gluteal region is continuous w/ the ___ of the thigh

fascia splits to enclose the ___ muscle

above this muscle, the fascia continues covering the ___ muscle & attaches to the ___

A

fascia lata

gluteus maximus muscle

gluteus medius muscle
iliac crest

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2
Q

muscles of the gluteal region (9)

A
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
piriformis
obturator internus
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoirs
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3
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteus maximus:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

inferior gluteal nerve

extends & laterally rotates femur at hip joint
helps maintain kneejoint in extension

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4
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteus maximus:

called into action only during rapid & powerful (flexion/extension) or when ___ must be overcome

during normal gait cycle, (flexion/extension) of the femur at the hip is carried out primarily by the ___ (e.g., paralysis of the ___ muscle does not seriously compromise walking on level ground)

A

extension
resistance

extension
hamstrings
gluteus maximus muscle

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5
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteus maximus:

muscle definitely required for femur (flexion/extension) in three actions (3)

A

extension

climbing
going upstairs
getting up from squatting position

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6
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteal medius:

nerve(s)

action(s))

A

superoir gluteal nerve

abducts & medially rotates femur at hip joint

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7
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteal minimus:

nerve(s)

action(s))

A

superiro gluteal nerve

abducts & medially rotates femur at hip joint

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8
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:

gluteus medius & minimus are chief ___ of the thigh

an equally important function is steadying the ___ while walking (e.g., raise foot off ground, contraction of gluteal muscles of opposite side)

A

abductors

pelvis

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9
Q

trendelenburg gait:

if the gluteus medius & gluteus minimus muscles of one side are ___, the person exhibits a very characteristic gait

when the lower limb on the (affected/unaffected) side enters its swing phase, its side of the pelvis drops b/c the muscles on the other side ___

such a drop of the pelvis on the (affected/unaffected) side will ordinarily shift the entire trunk toward that side, with the result that the body’s center of gravity is no longer over the supporting (affected/unaffected) side’s foot

A

paralyzed

unaffected
cannot hold the pelvis level

unaffected
affected

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10
Q

trendelenburg gait:

the person would tend to fall over to his or her (affected/unaffected) side

in order to prevent a fall, the person will (medially/laterally) flex the lumbar spine toward the (affected/unaffected) side bringing the center of gravity of the trunk over the (affected/unaffected) side’s foot

A

unaffected

laterally
affected
affected

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11
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
tensor fascia latae:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

superior gluteal nerve

flexes & abducts femur at hip joint

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12
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:

through their insertions in the ___ tract, the gluteus maximus & tensor fasciae latae assist in keeping the knee ___

the tract & its two associated muscles also help stabilize the ___

A

iliotibial tract
extended

hip joint

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13
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
piriformis:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

nerve to piriformis

laterally rotates femur at hip joint

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14
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
obturator internus:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

nerve to obturator internus

laterally rotates femur at hip joint

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15
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
superior gemellus:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

nerve to obturator internus

laterally rotates femur at hip joint

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16
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
inferior gemellus:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

laterally rotates femur at hip joint

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17
Q

muscles of the gluteal region:
quadratus femoris:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

laterally rotates femur at hip joint

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18
Q

nerves of gluteal region (___ plexus):

takes form on (anterior/posterior) wall of pelvis just (medial/lateral) to sacral foramina

major portion of it lies on anterior surface of ___ muscle

forms from union of ___ & ___ (w/ spinal levels)

A

posterior
lateral

piriformis

lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5)
ventral rami (S1, S2, S3, S4)
19
Q
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
major branches (7)
A
sciatic nerve (L4 - S3)
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
nerve of quadratus femoris
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, & S4)
nerve to obturator internus
20
Q
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
sciatic nerve (L4 - S3):

emerges from pelvis through ___ foramen below ___ muscle

(smallest/largest) nerve in body

consists of two nerves (2)

A

greater sciatic foramen
piriformis muscle

largest

tibial nerve
common fibular nerve

21
Q
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
sciatic nerve (L4 - S3):

runs downward successively on posterior surface of four muscles to reach back of one muscle one muscle (4) (1)

A

superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris

adductor magnus

22
Q
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
sciatic nerve (L4 - S3):

occasionally, the common fibular portion leaves the sciatic nerve high in the ___ & appears in the gluteal region by passing above or through the ___ muscle (clinically significant)

A

pelvis

piriformis muscle

23
Q

nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh:

passes out ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muscle & passes downward just medial or posterior to the ___ nerve

gives off two branches while lying below the ___ muscle (2)

A

greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle
sciatic nerve

gluteus maximus muscle

inferior cluneal branch
perineal branch

24
Q

nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh:

supplies the (anterior/posterior) ___

inferior cluneal to ___

perineal branch to ___ or ___

A

posterior thigh

buttocks

scrotum or labia majora

25
Q

nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
superior gluteal nerve:

exits the ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muscle and runs in the plane b/n the ___ & ___ muscles

supplies three muscles (3)

A

greater sciatic foramen
above
piriformis muscle
gluteus medius & gluteus minimus muscles

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

26
Q

nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
inferior gluteal nerve:

exits the ___ foramen (above/below) the level of the ___ muscle

supplies the ___ muscle

A

greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle

gluteus maximus muscle

27
Q

nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
nerve to the quadratus femoris:

exits the ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muslce

supplies two muscles (2)

A

greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle

quadratus femoris
inferior gemmelus

28
Q
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, & S4) & nerve to obturator internus:

exit pelvis through ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muscle

pudendal nerve supplies the ___

nerve to the obturator internus supplies the ___ & ___ muscles

A

greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle

perineum

obturator internus
superior gemellus

29
Q
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, & S4) & nerve to obturator internus:

hook around the ___ or ___ w/ the ___ vessels 7 pass through the ___ foramen to enter the ___ fossa of the ___

A

ischial spine or sacrospinous ligament
internal pudendal vessels
lesser sciatic foramen
ischiorectal fossa of the perineum

30
Q

posterior compartment of the thigh:

muscles (4)

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
hamstring portion of adductor magnus

31
Q

posterior compartment of the thigh:

blood supply: branches of the ___ artery

nerve supply

group muscle action(s)

A

profunda femoris artery

sciatic nerve (tibial division)

extension of thigh
flexion of leg

32
Q

posterior compartment of the thigh:
biceps femoris:

nerve(s)

  • long head
  • short head

action(s)

A

tibial nerve
common fibular nerve

extends femur at hip joint
flexes & laterally rotates leg at knee joint

33
Q

posterior compartment of the thigh:
semitendinosus:

nerve(s)

action(s)

A

tibial nerve

extends femur at hip joint
flexes & medially rotates leg at knee joint

34
Q

posterior compartment of the thigh:
semimembranosus:

nerve(s)

action(s)

tendon gives off a heavy lateral ___ which runs obliquely across the posterior surface of the ___ joint: ___ ligament

A

tibial nerve

extends femur at hip joint
flexes & medially rotates leg at knee joint

expansion
knee joint
oblique popliteal ligament

35
Q

hamstring injuries:

relatively common ___ injuries

involve tearing of the ___ attachments to the ___

tearing of the ___ fibers is extremely painful

A

sports injuries

proximal tendinous attachments
ischial tuberosity

tendinous fibers

36
Q

pes anserinus tendons (inverted tripod configuration):

muscles & respective nerves (3)

action(s)

A

sartorius (femoral nerve)
gracilus (obturator nerve)
semitendinosus (tibial nerve)

flex knee joint
provide additional support to knee joint

37
Q

popliteal fossa:

___-shaped area (anterior/posterior) to ___

boundaries (muscles):

  • superolateral (1)
  • superomedial (2)
  • inferomedial & inferolateral (1)
A

diamond
posterior
knee

biceps formis
semimembranosus & semitendinosus
gastrocemius muscle bellies

38
Q
popliteal fossa:
superficial contents (3)
A

fat
small saphenous vein
three cutaneous nerves

39
Q
popliteal fossa:
deep contents (3)
A

popliteal artery & vein
tibial & common peroneal nerve
popliteal lymph nodes

40
Q

popliteal fossa:

structures in center of fossa (medial to lateral, deep to superficial) (3)

A

popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve

41
Q

popliteal fossa:
popliteal artery:

continuation of ___ artery after passing through the ___

terminates at lower border of ___ muscle

A

femoral artery
adductor hiatus

popliteus muscle

42
Q

popliteal fossa:
popliteal artery:

divides into two arteries at lower border of popliteus muscle (2)

within the fossa, gives off ___ branches supplying the ___ & related structures

A

anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery

genicular branches
knee joint

43
Q

popliteal fossa:
popliteal vein:

receives the ___ vein

A

small saphenous vein