The Pelvic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

false pelvis (___):

above the ___

portion of abdomen between the ___

A

greater
pelvic brim
iliac fossa

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2
Q

true pelvis (___)

below the ___

A

lesser

pelvic brim

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3
Q

borders of the true pelvis (2)

A

pelvic inlet (pelvic inlet, pelvic brim, superior pelvic aperture)

pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture)

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4
Q
borders of the true pelvis:
pelvic inlet (pelvic inlet, pelvic brim, superior pelvic aperture) (3)
A

pubic symphysis & crest
iliopectineal lines
sacral promontory

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5
Q
borders of the true pelvis:
pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture) (5)
A
pubic symphysis
ischiopubic ramus
ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments
coccyx
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6
Q

pelvic diaphragm:

separates ___ from the ___ below

A

pelvis

perineum below

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7
Q

pubic tubercles & the ASIS

located on the ___ in the anatomical position

A

same vertical plane

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8
Q
walls of the pelvis:
anterior wall (2)
A

pubic bone

pubic symphysis

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9
Q
walls of the pelvis:
lateral wall (3)
A

hip bone below the pelvic inlet
obturator membrane
obturator internus muscle

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10
Q
walls of the pelvis:
posterior wall (3)
A

sacrum
coccyx
piriformis muscle

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11
Q

membranes & ligaments of the pelvis:
obturator membrane:

___ sheet that almost completely encloses the ___

leaves a small gap (___) for the passage of the ___

A

fibrous
obturator foramen

obturator canal
obturator nerve & vessels

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12
Q

membranes & ligaments of the pelvis:
sacrotuberous & sacrospinous ligaments:

sacrotuberous - strong ligament extending from the ___ to the ___

sacrospinous ligament - strong ligament extending from the ___ to the ___

the sacrotuberous is ___ to the sacrospinous ligament

A

lateral part of the sacrum & coccyx
ischial tuberosity

lateral part of the sacrum & coccyx
ischial spine

superficial

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13
Q

membranes & ligaments of the pelvis:
sacrotuberous & sacrospinous ligaments:
functions:

the sacrotuberous & sacrospinous ligaments prevent the ___ from being ___ at the ___ by the ___

they also covert the greater & lesser ___ into the greater & lesser ___

A

lower end of the sacrum & coccyx
rotated upward
sacroiliac joint
weight of the body

sciatic notches
sciatic foramina

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14
Q

the pelvic floor (___):

consists of the extensive ___ & the smaller ___ posteriorly

a ___ sheet of muscle through which the ___, ___, & ___ pass into the ___ below

it is incomplete ___ at the ___ to allow for the passage of the ___ (males & females) & the ___ (females)

A

the pelvic diaphragm

levator ani muscle
coccygeus muscle

thin, funnel-shaped
urethra, vagina, & anal canal
perineum

anteriorly
urogenital hiatus
urethra
vagina

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15
Q

nerve supply of the pelvic diaphragm:

pelvic surface - ___

perineal surface - ___

A

ventral rami of S3 & S4

perineal branch of the pudendal nerve

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16
Q

actions of the pelvic diaphragm:

supports the ___

resists a rise in ___ during ___

has important ___ actions on the ___ & the ___

A

pelvic viscera

intrapelvic pressure
straining or expulsive efforts of the abdomen (e.g., during coughing)

sphincter
ano-rectal junction
vagina

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17
Q

sex differences of the pelvis

the sexual differences of the male & female pelvis are due mainly to the ___ build & ___ muscles of men & to the adaptation of the female pelvis for ___

the male pelvis is ___ & ___ & has more prominent ___

the female pelvis is ___, ___, & has a larger ___

A

heaver
larger
childbearing

heavier
thicker
bone markings

wider
shallower
pelvic inlet & outlet

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18
Q

the pelvic fascia:
parietal pelvic fascia:

continuous above /w the fascia lining the ___

forms relatively ___ membranes on the pelvic surface of ___ & blends with the ___ of the ___

named according to the ___ (e.g., ___)

A

abdominal wall (endoabdominal fascia layer: e.g., transversalis fascia)

dense
muscles
periosteum
bony pelvic boundaries

underlying muscle (e.g., obturator internus fascia)

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19
Q

the pelvic fascia:
visceral pelvic fascia:

___ tissue investing the ___ (e.g., ___)

A
looser connective
pelvic viscera (e.g., bladder, vagina, uterus, rectum)
20
Q

the pelvic fascia:

arcus tendinous

important as the origin of a large portion of the ___

A

thickening of the obturator internus fascia

levator ani muscle

21
Q

the pelvic fascia:
subperitoneal pelvic fascia:

continuation of the ___ from the ___ into the ___

condensations (dense portions) of the fascia form ___

all ligaments blend medially with the ___ of either the ___, ___, ___, or ___ & laterally with the ___

A

extraperitoneal fascia
abdomen
pelvis

visceral ligaments

visceral fascia
prostate, bladder, vagina, or cervix
parietal pelvic fascia

22
Q

examples of visceral ligaments formed by the condensations of the subperitoneal pelvic fascia in females (3)

A

pubovesical ligaments
transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligaments, mackenrodt’s ligament)
sacrouterine ligament

23
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
common iliac artery:

bifurcates at the ___ in front of the ___ into ___ (1) & ___ (2) arteries

the ___ artery continues the course of the ___ along the ___

the ___ artery passes downward into the ___ & contributes most of the blood supply to the ___ with three exceptions

A

pelvic brim
sacroiliac joint
external & internal iliac

external iliac
common iliac artery
pelvic brim

internal iliac
pelvis
pelvis

24
Q

the internal iliac artery contributes most of the blood supply of the pelvis with the following exceptions (3)

A

ovarian artery (branch of abdominal aorta)

superior rectal artery (terminal branch of the infererio mesenteric artery)

median sacral artery (branch of abdominal aorta right before bifurcation)

25
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
internal iliac artery:

divides into ___ & ___ divisions

great ___ in the branching pattern

A

anterior
posterior

variation

26
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:

posterior divisions of the internal iliac arteries (3)

A

iliolumbar artery
lateral sacral arteries
superior gluteal artery

27
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
posterior divisions of the internal iliac arteries:
iliolumbar artery:

ascends along the ___ in front of the ___

often separates the ___ from the ___ medial to the ___ muscles

supplies the ___ & ___ muscles

A

lumbosacral trunk
ala of the sacrum

lumbosacral trunk
obturator nerve
psoas major

iliacus
psoas major

28
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
posterior divisions of the internal iliac arteries:
lateral sacral arteries:

pass medially entering the ___ supplying the ___

A

pelvic foramina

nerve roots

29
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
posterior divisions of the internal iliac arteries:
superior gluteal artery:

usually separates the ___ form the ___

leaves the ___ above the ___ muscles

A

lumbosacral trunk
ventral ramus of S1

greater sciatic foramen
prirformis

30
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:

anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery (8)

A
umbilical artery
obturator artery
inferior vesical artery (males only)
middle rectal artery
uterine artery
vaginal artery (females only)
internal pudendal artery
inferior gluteal artery
31
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery:
umbilical artery:

gives off the ___

continues forward as the ___

A

superior vesical arteries

medial umbilical ligament

32
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery:
obturator artery:

passes with the ___ through the ___

in 30% of cases, it arises from the ___ or the ___ & is termed the ___

A

obturator nerve
obturator canal

inferior epigastric artery
external iliac artery
anomalous obturator artery

33
Q

an anomalous obturator artery is clinically significant b/c it runs close to or across the ___ to reach the ___

b/c of its close association to the neck of a ___, the artery is in danger of being ___ when a ___ or ___ is surgically corrected

A

femoral ring
obturalor canal

femoral hernia
divided
triangulated or obstructed femoral nernia

34
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery:
inferior vesical artery:

only in ___

usually gives off the ___

A

males

artery of the ductus deferens

35
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery:
uterine artery

passes medially within the ___ below the root of the ___

passes above the ___ near the ___ of the vagina

A

cardinal ligament
broad ligament

ureter
lateral fornix

“water runs under the bridge”

36
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery:
vaginal artery:

homolog of the ___ in the male

runs to the side of the ___ in the ___ & then descends into the ___

also helps supply the ___

A

inferior vesical artery

vagina
pelvis
perineum

bladder

37
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery:
internal pudendal artery:

exits the ___ between the ___ & ___ muscles running with the ___

A

pelvis
piriformis & coccygeus
pudendal

38
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery:
inferior gluteal artery:

passes between the ___

exits the ___ through the ___ below the ___

A

ventral ramus of S1 & S2 or S2 & S3
pelvis
grater sciatic foramen
piriformis muscle

39
Q

blood vessels of the pelvis:
veins of the pelvis:

correspond closely to the ___

the tributaries of the internal iliac vein communicate freely with ___ & ___ outside their territory of drainage

A

arteries

each other
others

40
Q

clinically significant anastomoses b/n the ___ & the ___ via veins which pass through the pelvic foramina

metastasis of neoplasms from ___ may pass through these veins & lodge in ___ bone of the vertebrae or even reach the ___

A

internal iliac vein tributaries
vertebral venous plexus

pelvic viscera
cancellous
cranial cavity

41
Q

nerves of the pelvis:
the sacral plexus:

forms on the ___ surface of the ___ muscle

formed by the ___ & ___

all branches leaving the pelvis exit through the ___

A

pelvic
piriformis

lumbosacral trunk
ventral rami of S1 - S4

greater sciatic formaen

42
Q

nerves of the pelvis:
the sacral plexus:
lumbosacral trunk:

composed of the descending portion of the ___ & all of the ___

descends over the ___ & joins ___ in the pelvis just beyond the ___

A

ventral ramus of L4
ventral ramus of L5

sacroiliac joint
S1
superior gluteal artery

43
Q

nerves of hte pelvis:

pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of S2 - S4

44
Q

nerves of the pelvis:
obturator nerve:

levels ___ from ___ plexus

runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis between the ___ & ___ within the ___

meets the ___ & ___ at the ___

A

L2 - L4
lumbar

external & internal iliac arteries
ovarian fossa

obturator artery & vein
obturator canal

45
Q

nerves of the pelvis:
pelvic sympathetic trunk:

passes over the ___ behind the ___

the trunks descend & converge medial to the ___

the trunks fuse w/ each other in front of the ___ to form the small enlargement ___

A

pelvic brim
iliac vessels

pelvic foramina

coccyx
ganglion impar