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Anatomy > The Organization of the Neck II > Flashcards

The Organization of the Neck II Flashcards

1
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:

deep to the superficial fascia, the deep fascia is organized into several distinct layers (4)

A

investing
prevertebral
pretracheal
carotid sheath

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2
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:

the investing layer surrounds all of the important structures in the ___

the prevertebral layer surrounds the ___ & the ___ closely connected w/ it

the pretracheal layer forms a ___ compartment around the ___

the carotid sheath forms a ___ compartment

A

neck

vertebral column
muscles

visceral
chief viscera

neruovascular

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3
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

completely encircles the neck & splits to enclose the ___ & ___ muscles

also splits to enclose the ___ gland

A

sternocleidomastoid
trapezius

parotid

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4
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

forms a thickening on the deep surface of the parotid b/n the styloid process & mandible: ___ ligament

this effectively separates the ___ from the ___ gland

A

stylomandibular

parotid
submandibular

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5
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

the ___ & ___ veins & ___ branches of the ___ plexus (4) all pierce the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

A

external & anterior jugular veins

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

  • lesser occipital
  • great auricular
  • transverse cervical
  • supraclavicular
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6
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

immediately above the manubrium, the layer splits to form a small suprasternal space (of ___) which contains the ___, a venous connection b/n the two ___ veins

A

Burns
jugular arch
anterior jugular

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7
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:

encloses the structures in a visceral compartment of the neck (5)

A 
thyroid gland
trachea
esophagus
pharynx
larynx
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8
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:

forms a complete fascial sheath for the ___ deep to the strap muscles

the deep layer of this envelope encircles the ___ & ___

A

thyroid gland

larynx
trachea

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9
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:

the posterior portion of the pretracheal fascia is called the ___ (___) fascia, which separates the esophagus from the ___ fascia

A

buccopharyngeal (visceral)

prevertebral

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10
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:

cylindrical layer of fascia that surrounds the ___ & the ___ associated w/ it (3)

it also form s the fascial floor of the ___ of the neck

A

vertebral column

muscles

  • prevertebral muscles
  • scalenes
  • deep muscles of the back of the neck

posterior triangle

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11
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:

___ sheath - extension of the prevertebral fascia surrounding the ___ artery & ___ plexus as they emerge from b/n the scalenus anterior & scalenus medius

A

axillary

subclavian
brachial

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12
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:

attaches to the ___ processes & splits into lamina (2)

A

transverse

anterior lamina (alar fascia)
posterior lamina
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13
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
anterior lamina (alar fascia):

ends by blending w/ the fascia on the ___ wall of the ___ at about ___ level

A

posterior
esophagus
T2

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14
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
posterior lamina:

continues down along the front of the ___ portion of the vertebral column to the ___

A

thoracic

diaphragm

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15
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
retropharyngeal space:

(anterior/posterior) space

space immediately behind the ___ & ___

limited inferiorly by the attachment of the ___ fascia to the ___

A

anterior

pharynx
esophagus

alar
esophagus

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16
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
danger space:

(anterior/posterior) space

potential space b/n the two layers of prevertebral fascia in front of the ___

extends downward throughout the ___ to the ___

A

posterior

vertebral column

thorax
diaphragm

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17
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
carotid sheath:

condensation of fascia round the ___ of the neck

receives contributions from the ___, ___, & ___ layers

___ lies behind the carotid sheath b/n the carotid sheath & the prevertebral fascia

A

great vessels

investing
pretracheal
prevertebral

cervical sympathetic trunk

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18
Q

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
carotid sheath contents:

___ vein (anterolateral)
___ & ___ arteries (anteromedial)
___ nerve (posteroir)
___ lymph nodes (along internal jugular vein)
___ - may be found on the surface of, embedded in, or within the carotid sheath

A 
internal jugular vein
common & internal carotid arteries
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
ansa cervicalis
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19
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:

the blood supply of the head & neck & the upper limbs are derived from arteries that branch from the ___

A

aortic arch

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20
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:

branches of the aortic arch (3)

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian

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21
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:

the brachiocephalic trunk divides behind the right ___ joint into the ___ & ___

A

sternoclavicular

right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery

22
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
the subclavian arteries:

each artery arches upward, backward, & laterally over the ___ & ___

A

pleurae

lung

23
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
the subclavian arteries:

the arteries are divided into three parts by the ___ muscle:

  • 1st part: ___ to the muscle
  • 2nd part: ___ the muscle
  • 3rd part: ___ to the muscle

the 3rd part lies in front of the ___ of the brachial plexus & behind the ___

A

scalenus anterior

  • medial
  • behind
  • lateral

inferior trunk
subclavian vein

24
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:

medial to lateral (4)

note: these branches are usually derived form the ___ part of the subclavian artery, but branches may arise from the other segments

A

vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery
costocervical trunk

first

25
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
vertebral artery:

runs upward & posteriorly & enters the ___

the ___ ganglion lies posterior to its origin

note: left may arise from the ___

A

transverse foramen of C6

cervicothracic (stellate)

aortic arch

26
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
normal branches of thyrocervical trunk (3)

A

inferior thyroid artery
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery

27
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
thyrocervical trunk:
inferior thyroid artery:

runs upward in front of the ___ muscle, then medially, posterior to the ___ & terminates on the posterior surface of the ___ gland

important branches:

  • ___ artery: accompanies recurrent laryngeal nerve to the larynx
  • ___ artery: runs anterior to the prevertebral muscles
A

scalenus anterior
carotid sheath
thyroid

  • inferior laryngeal
  • ascending cervical
28
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
thyrocervical trunk:
transverse cervical artery & suprascapular artery:

supply muscles related to the ___

A

upper extremities

29
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
internal thoracic (mammary) artery:

arises from the (superior/inferior) aspect of the subclavian artery at the level of the ___

A

inferior

thyrocervical trunk

30
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
costocervical trunk:

arises from the (anterior/posterior) surface of the subclavian & courses posterosuperiorly

branches:

  • ___ artery: posterior intercostal arteries for the upper two intercostal spaces
  • ___ artery: ascends on the back of the neck & anastomoses w/ the descending branch of the occipital artery
A

posterior

  • supreme intercostal
  • deep cervical
31
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:

the right common carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk behind the ___

the left common carotid artery arises from the arch of the aorta & ascends into the neck behind the ___

each common carotid ascends within the carotid sheath to the level of the ___ border of the ___ cartilage where it divides into the ___ & ___ carotid arteries

A

right sternoclavicular joint

left sternoclavicular joint

superior border of the thyroid cartilage
internal & external

32
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
carotid sinus:

dilation of the ___ & first part of the ___

specialized pressure receptors: ___ (CN ___ & ___)

A

carotid bifurcation
internal carotid

baroreceptors (IX & X)

33
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
carotid body:

small reddish brown ___ mass behind the ___

specialized receptors monitoring oxygen levels: ___ (CN ___ & ___)

A

epithelial
bifurcation of the common carotid

chemoreceptors (IX & X)

34
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
internal carotid:

originates posterior or posterolateral to the ___

ascends more (medially/laterally) & enters the ___ of the skull

no branches in the ___

A

external carotid

medially
carotid canal

neck

35
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
branches of the external carotid (8)

A 
superior thyroid
lingual
facial
ascending pharyngeal
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal
36
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
superior thyroid artery:

first (anterior/posterior) branch

passes downward & runs superficial & parallel to the ___ nerve

reaches the superior pole of the ___ gland

gives off the ___ artery which pierces the ___ membrane w/ the ___ nerve

A

anterior

external laryngeal

thyroid

superior laryngeal
thyrohyoid
internal laryngeal

37
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
lingual artery:

(anterior/posterior) branch given off just superior to the ___ artery (may arise from a common stem w/ the ___)

grooves the ___ gland & hooks around the ___ at the anterior border of the ___ muscle

A

lingual
lingual

submandibular
mandible
masseter

38
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
ascending pharyngeal artery:

arises from the (medial/lateral) surface of the external carotid usually b/n the origins of the ___ & ___ arteries

ascends on the posterolateral wall of the ___ which it supplies

A

medial
superior thyroid
lingual

pharynx

39
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
occipital artery:

(anterior/posterior) branch given off approximately at the same level as the origin of the ___ artery

the ___ nerve hooks around the occipital artery close to its origin

passes posterioly & supplies the scalp w/ the ___ nerve

A

posterior
facial

hypoglossal

greater occipital

40
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
posterior auricular artery:

(anterior/posterior) branch which ascends behind the ___

runs upward & backward to be distributed behind the ___

A

posterior
ear

ear

41
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
maxillary artery:

___ branch of the external carotid arising behind the ___

gives off 17 or 18 named branches to the ___, ___, & ___ areas

A

terminal
neck of the mandible

jaws
palate
nasal

42
Q

major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
superficial temporal artery:

___ branch which is the continuation of the external carotid beyond the ___ artery

supplies the ___, side of head in front of ear

A

terminal
maxillary

external acoustic meatus

43
Q

the cervical plexus:

formed by the ventral rami of ___ nerves ___

the rami are joined by connecting branches which form loops that lie in front of the origins of the ___ & ___ muscle

A

cervical
C1 - C4

levator scapulae
scalenus medius muscle

44
Q

the cervical plexus:
branches:
cutaneous branches (4)

A

lesser occipital
grater auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular

45
Q

the cervical plexus:
branches:
ansa cervicalis

formed from ___ & ___ roots

a branch of ___ joins the ___ nerve

some of these fibers leave this nerve as the ___ of the ansa cervicalis

A

superior
inferior

C1
hypoglossal

superior root

46
Q

the cervical plexus:
branches:
ansa cervicalis:

the superior root descends & unites w/ the ___ (C2, C3) completing the ansa cervicalis

the ansa cervicalis supplies the ___, ___, & ___

the remaining C1 fibers traveling w/ the hypoglossal nerve leave it as the nerve to the ___ & nerve to the ___

A

inferior root

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid

thyrohyoid
geniohyoid

47
Q

the cervical plexus:

branches (3 main)

A

cutaneous branches
ansa cervicalis
phrenic nerve

48
Q

the cervical plexus:
branches:
phrenic nerve

from spinal cord levels ___

A

C3
C4
C5

49
Q

the cervical plexus:
other branches:

motor (1)

propreioceptive (3)

A

prevertebral

sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae
trapezius

50
Q

the thyroid & parathyroid glands:
thyroid gland:

two large lobes of the thyroid gland lie anterolateral to the ___ & ___

the ___ unites them across the front of the ___ immediately below the ___

A

trachea
larynx

isthmus
trachea
larynx

51
Q

the thyroid & parathyroid glands:
thyroid gland:

sometimes a pointed process, the ___, points upward from the isthmus, usually close to the anterior midline

this may attach by connective tissue to the ___ cartilage or may even extend up to attach to the ___ bone

on the posterior surface, the lobes of the thyroid are attached by dense connective tissue to the ___ cartilage & several of the upper ___

A

pyramidal lobe

thyroid
hyoid

cricoid
tracheal rings

Anatomy (66 decks)

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