Peritoneum & Peritoneal Reflections

Question 1

adult GI tract is a ___ structure approximately ___ long

it is comprised of various ___ & ___ organs responsible for ___, ___, & ___

Answer 1

tubular, 27

primary, accessory, ingestion, digestion, absorption of food & nutrients

Question 2

primary organs of GI tract (18)

Answer 2

oral cavity
oropharynx
laryngophrarynx
esophagus
stomach (greater & lesser curvatures)
small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
colon/large intestine
cecum
vermiform appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal

Question 3

esophagus penetrates diaphragm at ___ through the ___

Answer 3

T10

esophageal hiatus

Question 4

duodenum:

___ long

1st part: ___

2nd part: ___

3rd part: ___

4th part: ___

Answer 4

25cm

superior

descending

horizontal

ascending-duodenojejunal junction

Question 5

jejunum: about ___ long
ileum: about ___ long

Answer 5

2 meters

3 meters

Question 6

accessory organs of GI tract (4)

Answer 6

liver & gall bladder
pancreas
spleen

Question 7

peritoneum & the peritoneal reflections:

___ membrane linings of the ___ body cavity derived from visceral lateral plate ___ that connect & suspend most of the organs of the GI tract

Answer 7

serous

abdominal

mesoderm

Question 8

peritoneum & the peritoneal reflections:
two layers:

___ layer that’s adhered to the ___

___ layer that is adhered to the ___

the space b/n the two layers forms the ___

Answer 8

parietal (wall), body wall

visceral (organ), organ or viscera

peritoneal cavity

Question 9

peritoneum & the peritoneal reflections:
visceral peritoneum:
mesenteries:

two layers of visceral peritoneum that connect ___ to the ___

___ - forms loops of intestine to body wall

___ - from the appendix to the body wall

___ - from transverse colon to body wall

___ - from sigmoid colon to body wall

Answer 9

an organ, body wall

mesentery

mesoappendix

transverse mesocolon

sigmoid mesocolon

Question 10

peritoneum & the peritoneal reflections:
visceral peritoneum:
visceral ligaments or omenta (aprons):

two layers of visceral peritoneum that connect ___ to ___

___ omentum (___ ligament)

___ omentum (___ & ___ ligaments)

___ ligament

___ ligament ( w/ right & left ___ ligaments)

___ ligament

___ (___) ligament

Answer 10

two organs, each other

greater, gastrocolic

lesser, hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal

falciform

coronary, triangular

gastrosplenic

splenorenal, lienorenal

Question 11

peritoneum & the peritoneal reflections:
visceral peritoneum:
peritoneal sacs:

spaces in ___ cavity

___ sac or bursa - cavity in the abdomen that is formed by the ___

___ sac or bursa - cavity in the abdomen that’s inside the ___ but outside of the ___

communicate w/ each other through the ___

Answer 11

periotoneal

lesser omental, lesser & greater omentum

greater omental, peritoneum, lesser sac

epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow)

Question 12

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
craniocaudal & lateral trunk folding of the embryo:

___ days

folding traps the ___ & ___ in the embryo which forms the ___ & ___

Answer 12

~26

yolk sac, intraembryonic coelom, body cavities, GI tract

Question 13

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:

the result of craniocaudal & lateral trunk folding of the embryo is a ___ suspended by dorsal & ventral ___ connected to the body wall separated by ___

the primitive ___ will form adult derivatives:
___ derivatives
___ derivatives

Answer 13

long gut tube, mesenteries, two coelomic cavities

mesenteries
ventral
dorsal

Question 14

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
ventral mesentary derivatives:

___ ligament
___ ligament w/ the right & left ___ ligaments
___ omentum (___ & ___ ligs)

Answer 14

coronary

falciform, triangular

lesser, hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal

Question 15

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
dorsal mesentery derivatives:

___ omentum (___ ligament)

___ ligament

___ ligament

mesentery of the ___

___

___ mesocolon

___ mesocolon

Answer 15

greater, gastrocolic

splenorenal

gastrosplenic

small intestine

mesoappendix

transverse

sigmoid

Question 16

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
gut tube derivatives:

the primitive gut is divided into ___ regions along the ___

each region has its own ___ supply & gives rise to ___, ___, & ___

Answer 16

four, midline

arterial, organs, glands, other parts of the GI tract

Question 17

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
gut tube derivatives:
pharyngeal gut:

region from the ___ membrane to ___

part of the ___ cavity

___ & derivatives of the ___ arches

___, ___, & ___

Answer 17

buccopharyngeal, tracheal diverticulum

oral

pharynx, pharyngeal

larynx, treachea, lungs

Question 18

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
gut tube derivatives:
foregut:

all structures supplied by the ___ artery

___

___ (gaster)

1st and 2nd parts of the ___

___

___ (hepar)

___

Answer 18

celiac

esophagus

stomach

duodenum

pancreas

liver

gall bladder

Question 19

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
gut tube derivatives:
midgut:

all structures supplied by the ___ artery

3rd & 4th parts of the ___

___ & ___

___ & ___ appendix

___ colon

proximal 2/3 of ___ colon

Answer 19

superior mesenteric

duodenum

jejunum, ilium

cecum, vermiform

ascending

transverse

Question 20

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
gut tube derivatives:
hindgut:

all structures supplied by the ___ artery

distal 1/3 of ___ colon

___ & ___ colon

___

proximal portion of ___

Answer 20

inferior mesenteric

transverse

descending, sigmoid

rectum

anal canal

Question 21

embryonic development of the gut & peritoneum:
rotation of the embryonic gut:

about 35 days prenatally, the embryonic foregut & midgut regions grow very ___ & rotate in a ___ & ___ manner

90 degree ___ rotation of the embryonic ___ towards the right side
- brings the ___ & ___ to the right side & as a result forms the ___ & ___ sacs or bursae

270 degree ___ rotation of the embryonic ___
- this action frames the GI tract by the ___ & brings the ___ & ___ to the lower right quadrant

Answer 21

rapidly, longitudinal, counterclockwise

longitudinal, foregut

• liver, stomach
• greater, lesser omental

counterclockwise, midgut
- large intestine, cecum, appendix

Question 22

adult peritoneal relationships:
intraperitoneal structures:

organs or structures that are suspended or covered by ___ or ___ (10)

Answer 22

visceral ligaments, mesentery

stomach
spleen
pancreas (tail)
liver
gall bladder
duodenum (1st part)
small intestines from duodenal-jejunal flexure to ileocecal junction
cecum & appendix
transverse colon
sigmoid colon

Question 23

adult peritoneal relationships:
retroperitoneal structures:

organs or structures that are outside the ___ & only covered on one side side (or not at all) by ___

two retroperitoneal structures: ___ & ___

Answer 23

peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum

primary, secondary

Question 24

adult peritoneal relationships:
primary retroperitoneal structures:

structures that developed ___ in the peritoneal cavity (4)

Answer 24

never

kidneys
aorta, IVC
anal canal
urinary bladder

Question 25

adult peritoneal relationships:
secondary retroperitoneal structures:

structures that developed ___ but during development were forced out of the ___ & fused to the ___ (6)

this process is called ___

Answer 25

intraperitoneally, peritoneal cavity, parieta (body wall)

liver/bare area
duodenum (2nd, 3rd, & 4th parts)
pancreas (head & body)
ascending colon
descending colon
rectum

fusion fascia

Question 26

greater omentum:

a large fold of ___ peritoneum that hangs down from the ___

it extends from the ___ curvature of the ___, passing in front of the ___ and reflects on itself to ascend to the ___ before reaching to the ___ wall

___ ligament connects ___ & ___

Answer 26

visceral, stomach

greater, stomach
small intestines
transverse colon
posterior abdominal

gastrocolic, stomach, colon

Question 27

lesser omentum:

a double layer of ___ peritoneum that extends from the ___ to the ___ curvature of the ___ and the start of the ___

___ ligament connects ___ & ___

___ ligament connects ___ & ___

Answer 27

visceral
liver
lesser, stomach
duodenum

hepatogastric, liver, stomach

hepatoduodenal, liver, duodenum

Question 28

falciform ligament:

attaches the ___ to the ___

separates the ___ from the ___

Answer 28

liver
anterior body wall

right lobe of the liver
left lobe of the liver

Question 29

coronary ligament:

attaches the ___ to the ___

Answer 29

liver

inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 30

right triangular ligament:

situated at the ___ extremity of the ___

small fold which passes to the ___

formed by the apposition of the upper and lower layers of the ___ ligament

Answer 30

right
bare area

diaphragm

coronary

Question 31

left triangular ligament:

connects the ___ part of the ___ surface of the ___ lobe of the ___ to the ___

its anterior layer is continuous with the left layer of the ___ ligament

Answer 31

posterior
upper
left
liver
diaphragm

falciform

Question 32

bare area:

a large triangular surface of the ___ devoid of ___ covering

lies between the two layers of the ___ ligament

Answer 32

liver
peritoneal

coronary

Question 33

gastrosplenic ligament:

attaches the ___ to the ___

Answer 33

stomach

spleen

Question 34

splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament:

attaches the ___ to the ___

Answer 34

spleen

kidney