The Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

phraynx:
communications:

  • superiorly w/ the ___ cavity via the ___
  • anteriorly w/ the ___ cavity
  • laterally w/ the ___ cavity via the ___ (aka ___) tubes
  • anteroinferioly w/ the ___ via the ___
  • posteroinferiorly w/ the ___ as a direct continuation
A
  • nasal cavity via the choanae
  • oral cavity
  • middle ear cavity via the pharngotympanic (aka eustachian, pharyngeal, auditory) tubes
  • larynx via the aditus
  • esophagus
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2
Q

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
nasopharyx:

from the ___ to the tip of the ___ & ___ (____

A

nasal choana
tip of the uvula
soft palate (velum)

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3
Q

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
nasopharyx:
landmarks:

the opening of the ___ (___) tube
the ___ fold
the ___ (___)
the ___

A

pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube
salpingopharyngeal fold
pharngeal tonsisls (adenoids)
tubal tonisls

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4
Q

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
oropharynx:

from the ___ arch, ___ (___), & ___ to the ___

A

palatoglossal arch
soft palate (velum)
uvula
epiglottis

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5
Q

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
oropharynx:
landmarks:

___ arch
___ fossa
___
___

A

palatopharyngeal arch
tonsillar fossa
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils

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6
Q

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
laryngopharynx:

from the level of the ___ to the ___ vertebrae that’s posterior to the ___

A

C4 to C6

larynx

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7
Q

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
laryngopharynx:
landmarks:

___
___ folds
___ recesses

A

epiglottis
aryepiglottic folds
piriform recesses

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8
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:

three external, circular, ___ muscles (3)

A

constrictor

  • superior constrictor muscle
  • middle constrictor muscle
  • inferior constrictor muscle
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9
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
superior constrictor muscle:

originates from the ___ plate

inserts posteriorly into the ___

A

medial pterygoid plate

median pharyngela raphe

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10
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
middle constrictor muscle:

originates from the ___ & ___ of the ___ bone

inserts into the ___

A

lesser & greater cornu (horns) of the hyoid bone

median pharyngeal raphe

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11
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
inferior constrictor muscle:

originates from the ___ cartilages

inserts posteriorly into the ___

A

thyroid cartilages

median pharyngeal raphe

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12
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three external, circular, constrictor muscles:

all supplied by the ___ plexus of nerves (formed by ___ sensory branches of the ___ nerve, motor branches form the ___ nerve, & sympathetic branches from the ___ ganglion)

action: function to (dilate/constrict) the ___ during swallowing & propel food into the ___

A
pharyngeal plexus
pharyngeal sensory
glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
superior cervical ganglion

constrict the pharynx
esophagus

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13
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:

three internal, longitudinal ___ muscles (3)

A

suspensory

  • stylopharyngeus muscle
  • palatopharyngeus muscle
  • salpingopharyngeus muscle
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14
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
stylopharyngeus muscle:

originates on the medial side of the base of the ___ process

inserts on the posterior border of the ___

A

styloid process

thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
palatopharyngeus muscle:

originates from the posterior border of the ___

inserts on the posterior border of the ___ & the side of the ___ & ___

A

hard palate

thyroid cartilage
pharynx
esophagus

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16
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
salpingopharyngeus muscle:

originates on the cartilaginous portion of the ___

inserts on the fibers of the ___ & ___ muscles on the posterior border of the ___

A

eustachian tube

stylopharyngeus & palatopharyngeus muscles
thyroid cartilage

17
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three internal, longitudinal suspensory muscles:

stylopharyngeus muscle supplied by the ___ nerve

palatopharyngeus & salpingopharyngeus muscles supplied by the ___ plexus of nerves

action: they function to (elevate/depress) the ___ during speaking & (raise/lower) & (expand/contract) the ___ during swallowing

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

pharyngeal plexus of nerves

elevate the larynx
raise & expand the pharynx

18
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:

three ___(___) muscles (3)

A

soft palate (velar)

  • tensor veli palatine muscle
  • levator veli palitini muscle
  • musculus uvulae muscle
19
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
tensor veli palatine muscle:

originates on the ___ fossa of the ___ & cartilaginous portion of the ___

inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate

A

scaphoid fossa
medial pterygoid plate
eustachian tube

palatine aponeurosis
middle

20
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
levator veli palitini muscle:

originates on the cartilaginous portion of the ___

inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate

A

eustachian tube

palatine aponeurosis
middle

21
Q

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
musculus uvulae muscle:

originates on posterior ___

inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate

A

nasal spine

palatine aponeurosis
tip

22
Q
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:

the tensor veli palatine muscle is supplied by the ___ nerve

the levator veli palitini & the musculus uvulae muscles are supplied by the ___ nerves

action: they (tense/relax) & (elevate/depress) the ___ & ___ during swallowing & yawning

A

mandibular

pharyngeal plexus of nerves

tense & elevate
velum & uvula

23
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the first stage:

(voluntary/involuntary) when the bolus is pushed from the ___ into the ___ by movements of the tongue

A

voluntary
mouth
oropharynx

24
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

(voluntary/involuntary) & (rapid/slow)

___- like contractions & movements of the ___ muscles & the ___ muscles move the bolus through the ___ & ___ into the ___

A

involuntary & rapid

peristaltic-like
circular, constrictor muscles
longitudinal, internal pharyngeal muscles
oropharynx & laryngopharynx
esophagus
25
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

the bolus is prevented from entering the naospharynx by raising the ___ (___) against the posterior wall of the ___ by the ___, ___, & ___ muscles

A

soft palate (velum)
nasopharynx
tensor veli palatine, levator veli palatine, & musculus uvulae muscles

26
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

the bolus is also prevented from going into the larynx & trachea by raising the ___ bone & the ___ cartilages through the actions of the ___ muscles & the ___ & ___ muscles

A

hyoid bone
thyroid cartilages
suprahyoid muscles
palatopharyngeus & stylopharyngeus muscles

27
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

by raising the thyroid cartilage, the ___ is bent posteroinferioly over the opening (___) of the ___ which deepens the ___ folds

A

epiglottis
aditus
larynx
aryepiglottic folds

28
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

the aryepiglottic folds provide channels that guide the bolus posterolateral around the ___ to the ___

A

larynx

esophagus

29
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the third stage:

squeezes the bolus from the ___ into the ___ through the action of the ___ muscle

A

laryngopharynx
esophagus
inferior constrictor muscle

30
Q

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the third stage:

the ___ waves of the longitudinal & circumferential fibers of the (cardiac/skeletal/smooth) muscle lining the ___ & remaining ___ will continue to move the bolus for digestion, absorption, & expulsion

A

peristaltic waves
smooth muscle
esophagus
digestive tract