chapter 20 Flashcards
Some microbes gain access to the normally axenic central nervous system by
either damaging the blood-brain barrier or by axonal transport from infected peripheral neurons.
Encephalitis is an infection of
the brain
The Gram-negative diplococcus ________ is resistant to phagocytosis and releases Lipid A to cause inflammation
Neisseria meningitidis
The Gram-positive diplococcus ________ is commonly found in the pharynx but may invade the central nervous system inside cells where it survives after endocytosis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
The pleomorphic bacterium ________ is an obligate parasite due to its requirement for NAD+ and heme
Haemophilus influenzae
Newborns exposed to the Gram-positive bacterium ________ during vaginal birth are at risk of
Streptococcus agalactiae
Contaminated food is the source of ________, which causes meningitis in the elderly and susceptible persons
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacterial agents of meningitis which can survive phagocytosis include
both Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The type of bacterial meningitis that becomes epidemic among young adults is caused by
Neisseria meningitidis
Which of the following is TRUE of foodborne botulism?
it is an intoxication disorder
Botulism toxin disrupts motor control by
blocking the release of acetylcholine by motor neurons.
How does tetanospasmin affect motor control?
It blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS.
Tetanus vaccine contains
antibodies against Clostridium tetani
The highly destructive form of Hansen’s disease is the result of
autoimmune disease triggered by Mycobacteriu leprae.
Which of the following diseases is the result of a bacterial infection of peripheral nerves
Hansen’s disease
Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis is directly related to its ability to
live and reproduce inside its host’s cells
Which of the following causes of viral meningitis is transmitted by the fecal-oral route?
echovirus
Viral meningitis is also called “aseptic meningitis”
to indicate no bacteria are involved
The least common type of polio is
paralytic polio
Slow deterioration of muscle function occurring over many years occurs in
postpolio syndrome
Poliovirus is most often transmitted via
contaminated water
Which of the following statements concerning rabies is FALSE?
all mammals can serve as a reservoir for the disease
Which of the following nervous system diseases is treated with both passive and active immunization?
rabies