Chapter 22 Flashcards
Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen commonly present in the nasal cavity as a member of
the microbiota?
Staphylococcus aureus
Inflammation of the pharynx with pus-filled abscesses and swollen tonsils is known as
streptococcal pharyngitis (“strep throat”).
The designation “group A,” used to help classify Streptococcus pyogenes, refers to this bacterium’s
Lancefield antigen.
Group A streptococci produce ________ which breaks down blood clots, allowing the bacteria to spread.
streptokinase
Which of the following Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors kills leukocytes and erythrocytes?
streptolysins
Pathogenic streptococci of the upper respiratory tract (such as Streptococcus pyogenes) are distinguished
from non-pathogenic streptococci by
beta hemolytic activity.
Diphtheria toxin kills cells by interfering with which of the following processes?
protein synthesis
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning diphtheria?
The signs and symptoms of the disease are directly caused by a bacterial toxin.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?
Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites.
What is the primary determinant of virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae?
the presence of a polysaccharide capsule
The majority of cases of pneumonia are caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
A pneumonia caused by Gram-positive diplococci is known as
pneumococcal pneumonia.
Ornithosis, a disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans, is caused by
Chlamydophila psittaci.
The microbe which causes primary atypical pneumonia is
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Neutrophils are inhibited from gathering at the site of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by what
virulence factor of the pathogen?
cord factor
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tuberculosis?
It remains viable in dried aerosol droplets for up to eight months.
Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis called MDR are resistant to
isoniazid and rifampin.
Bordetella pertussis produces
dermonecrotic and adenylate cyclase toxins.
The DTaP vaccine protects against which of the following respiratory diseases?
pertussis
Inhalation anthrax is frequently fatal even with antibiotic therapy because
the anthrax toxin triggers necrosis and severe edema of the lungs.
What distinguishes influenza from the common cold?
Fever
A recently retired man appears at his doctor’s office complaining of difficulty breathing, body aches and
fatigue. He is also running a high fever and has a dry cough. He reports having just returned from a trip to
the Middle East where he visited several historical sites. Test results are negative for a rapid test for
influenza A. No bacteria are visible in a microscopic exam of his sputum. Which of the following is a likely
explanation?
coronavirus respiratory syndrome
Even though mycoplasmas pass through filters that normally trap bacteria, they are known to be bacteria,
not viruses, because they
contain both DNA and RNA and divide by binary fission.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
the causative agent is a fast-growing Gram-positive bacillus.