1.1-1.8

Question 1

It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

It is the outward or covert actions and reaction

Answer 2

Behavior

Question 3

It is the internal or overt activity of our minds

Answer 3

Mental Processes

Question 4

Psyche

Answer 4

mind

Question 5

Logos

Answer 5

study

Question 6

it is a branch of philosophy

Answer 6

psychology

Question 7

It prevents possible biases from leading to faulty observations

Answer 7

Psychology is a Science

Question 8

Psychology’s Four Goals

Answer 8

Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control

Question 9

Description

Answer 9

What is happening?

Question 10

Explanation

Answer 10

Why is it happening?

Question 11

Prediction

Answer 11

Will it happen again?

Question 12

Control

Answer 12

How can it be changed?

Question 13

General explanation of a set of observations or facts

Answer 13

Theory

Question 14

Focused on the structure or basic elements of the mind

Answer 14

Structuralism

Question 15

When did structuralism die out?

Answer 15

1900s

Question 16

He established the technique of objective introspection

Answer 16

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 17

It is the process of objectively examining and measuring one’s thoughts and mental activities

Answer 17

Objective Introspection

Question 18

Wilhelm Wundt’s Psychology Laboratory

Answer 18

Germany in 1879

Question 19

He was Wundt’s student who brought structuralism to America

Answer 19

Edward Titchner

Question 20

She is the first woman who received a PHD in Psychology and was a student of Titchner

Answer 20

Margaret Washburn

Question 21

How the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

Answer 21

Functionalism

Question 22

He proposed Functionalism

Answer 22

William James

Question 23

Functionalism influenced 3 modern fields in psychology:

Answer 23

Educational, evolutionary, and industrial/organizational psychology

Question 24

gestalt “ “ psychology

Answer 24

“good figure”

Question 25

Gestalt psychology started with ___ who studied sensation and perception

Answer 25

Max Wertheimer

Question 26

Gestalt ideas are now part of the study of ____

Answer 26

Cognitive Psychology

Question 27

A field focusing not only on perception but also on learning, memory, thought processes, and problem-solving

Answer 27

Cognitive Psychology

Question 28

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Answer 28

Gestalt Psychology

Question 29

The theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud

Answer 29

Psychoanalysis

Question 30

He proposed that there is an unconscious (unaware) mind into which we push, or repress, all of our threatening urges and desires.

Answer 30

Sigmund Freud

Question 31

Freud stressed the importance of ____

Answer 31

early childhood experiences

Question 32

He is famous for his theories about birth order

Answer 32

Alfred Alder

Question 33

He proposed behaviorism

Answer 33

John B. Watson

Question 34

It is the science of behavior that focused on observable behavior only (stimulus response_

Answer 34

Behaviorism

Question 35

In behaviorism things must be directly

Answer 35

seen and measured

Question 36

Behaviorsim is based much on the work of

Answer 36

Ivan Pavlov

Question 37

It is the principle of learning

Answer 37

Classical Conditioning (Conditioned Stimulus)

Question 38

It is an unconditioned response

Answer 38

Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 39

She as an early pioneer in behavior theraphy

Answer 39

Mary Cover Jones

Question 40

More focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person’s behavior than sexual motivations.

Answer 40

Psychodynamic perspective

Question 41

studied operant conditioning of voluntary behavior.

Answer 41

BF Skinner

Question 42

Behaviorism became a major force in the twentieth century.

Answer 42

Behavioral Perspective

Question 43

Owes far more to the early roots of psychology in the field of philosophy.

Answer 43

Humanistic Perspective

Question 44

held the view that people have free will, and the freedom to choose their own destiny.

Answer 44

Humanist

Question 45

Early founders of Humanistic Perspective

Answer 45

Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers

Question 46

achieving one’s full potential or actual self.

Answer 46

Self-actualization

Question 47

Focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem-solving, and learning.

Answer 47

Cognitive Perspective

Question 48

Focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture.

Answer 48

Sociocultural Perspective

Question 49

Attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system.

Answer 49

Biopsychological Perspective

Question 50

Focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share.

Answer 50

Evolutionary Perspective

Question 51

A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

Answer 51

Psychiatrist

Question 52

Either a psychiatrist or a psychologist who has special training in the theories of Sigmund Freud and his method of psychoanalysis.

Answer 52

Psychoanalyst

Question 53

A social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse.

Answer 53

Psychiatric Social Worker

Question 54

A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology.

Answer 54

Psychologist

Question 55

System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.

Answer 55

Scientific Method

Question 56

Steps in the Scientific Method:

Answer 56

Perceive the question. Form a hypothesis - a tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations. Test the hypothesis. Draw conclusions. Report your results so that others can try to replicate - repeat the study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate the reliability of results.

Question 57

Watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment.

Answer 57

Naturalistic observation

Question 58

the tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed.

Answer 58

Observer effect

Question 59

a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed (to reduce observer effect).

Answer 59

Participant Observation

Question 60

- the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.

Answer 60

Observer bias

Question 61

people who do not know what the research question is (to reduce observer bias).

Answer 61

Blind observers

Question 62

Watching animals or humans behave in a laboratory setting.

Answer 62

Laboratory observation

Question 63

Study of one individual in great detail.

Answer 63

Case Study

Question 64

Famous Case Study

Answer 64

Phineas Gage

Question 65

Researchers will ask a series of questions about the topic under study.

Answer 65

Surveys

Question 66

a randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects

Answer 66

sample

Question 67

the entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.

Answer 67

Population