13.1-13.3

Question 1

– the sum total of who a person
is—their attitudes and reactions, both physical and
emotional.

Answer 1

PERSONALITY

Question 2

The unique way in which each individual
thinks, acts, and feels throughout life.

Answer 2

PERSONALITY

Question 3

– the value judgment
made about a person’s moral or
ethical behavior.

Answer 3

Character

Question 4

– the biologically
innate and enduring characteristics
with which each person is born.

Answer 4

Temperament

Question 5

is an area of psychology in
which there are several ways to explain the
characteristic behavior of human beings

Answer 5

Personality

Question 6

Every adult personality is a combination
of temperaments and __ of
family, culture, and the time during which
they grew up.

Answer 6

personal history

Question 7

The ___ had its beginnings in the work of Sigmund Freud and
still exists today. It focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development
of personality. This perspective is also heavily focused on biological causes of personality
differences

Answer 7

psychodynamic perspective

Question 8

This approach focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior and, as
addressed here, includes aspects of social cognitive theory in that, interactions with
others and personal thought processes also influence learning and personality

Answer 8

behavioral perspective

Question 9

The ___first arose as a reaction against the psychoanalytic and
behaviorist perspectives and focuses on the role of each person’s conscious life experiences
and choices in personality development.

Answer 9

humanistic perspective

Question 10

The ___ differs from the other three in its basic goals: The psychodynamic,
behaviorist, and humanistic perspectives all seek to explain the process that
causes personality to form into its unique characteristics, whereas trait theorists
are more concerned with the end result—the characteristics themselves.

Answer 10

trait perspective

Question 11

Freud believed that the mind was divided
into three parts: the __

Answer 11

preconscious,
conscious, and unconscious.

Question 12

– level of the mind in
which one’s current awareness
exists.

Answer 12

Conscious

Question 13

– level of the
mind containing memories, events,
and information of which one can
become easily aware.

Answer 13

Preconscious Mind

Question 14

– level of the
mind that remains hidden at all
times, surfacing only in symbolic
forms in dreams

Answer 14

Unconscious Mind

Question 15

Freud believed that the
__
was the most important determinant of
human behavior and personality

Answer 15

unconscious mind

Question 16

ID – a Latin word that means
__

Answer 16

“it.”

Question 17

An unconscious, pleasure-seeking,
amoral part of the personality that
exists at birth, containing all of the
basic biological drives

Answer 17

ID

Question 18

– the need to seek
out pleasurable sensations.

Answer 18

Pleasure Drive

Question 19

– the desire for
immediate gratification of needs
with no regard for the
consequences.
–

Answer 19

Pleasure Principle

Question 20

If it feels good, do it.

Answer 20

ID

Question 21

EGO – a Latin word that means

Answer 21

“I.”

Question 22

Part of the personality that
develops out of a need to deal with
reality.

Answer 22

EGO

Question 23

Mostly conscious and is far more
rational, logical, and cunning than
the id.

Answer 23

EGO

Question 24

– the satisfaction
of the demands of the id only when
negative consequences will not
result.

Answer 24

Reality Principle

Question 25

If it feels good, do it, but only if you can get away with it.

Answer 25

EGO

Question 26

SUPEREGO – a Latin word that means

Answer 26

“over the self.”

Question 27

Part of the personality that acts as a moral center.

Answer 27

SUPEREGO

Question 28

The superego contains the __, which is the part of the personality that makes people feel guilt or moral anxiety.

Answer 28

conscience

Question 29

– unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety.

Answer 29

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Question 30

These defense mechanisms were mainly outlined and studied by Freud’s daughter,

Answer 30

Anna Freud

Question 31

: refusal to recognize or acknowledge a threatening situation

Answer 31

Denial

Question 32

: “pushing” threatening or conflicting events or situations out of conscious memory

Answer 32

repression

Question 33

: making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior.

Answer 33

rationalization

Question 34

: placing one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts belonged to them and not to oneself

Answer 34

Projection

Question 35

forming an emotional reaction or attitude that is the opposite of one’s threatening or unacceptable actual thoughts.

Answer 35

reaction formation:

Question 36

: expressing feelings that would be threatening if directed at the real target onto a less threatening substitute target.

Answer 36

Displacement

Question 37

: falling back on childlike patterns as a way of coping with stressful situations.

Answer 37

regression

Question 38

: trying to become like someone else to deal with one’s anxiety.

Answer 38

Identification

Question 39

trying to make up for areas in which a deficit is perceived by becoming superior in some other area.

Answer 39

Compensation (substitution):

Question 40

– the five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child.

Answer 40

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE

Question 41

At each stage, a different ____ or area of the body that produces pleasurable feelings, becomes important and can become a source of conflicts.

Answer 41

erogenous zone,

Question 42

Conflicts that are not fully resolved can result in __

Answer 42

fixation

Question 43

__ – disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage.

Answer 43

Fixation

Question 44

ORAL STAGE (First 18 Months) – the erogenous zone is the.

Answer 44

mouth

Question 45

that occurs too soon or too late can result in too little or too much satisfaction of the child’s oral needs.

Answer 45

Weaning

Question 46

Conflict in this stage can result in overeating, drinking too much, talking too much, nail biting, and a tendency to be either too optimistic or too pessimistic

Answer 46

ORAL STAGE (First 18 Months)

Question 47

ANAL STAGE (18 to 36 Months) – as the child becomes a toddler, Freud believed that the erogenous zone moves from the mouth to the __

Answer 47

anus

Question 48

_becomes the source of conflict in this psychosexual stage.

Answer 48

Toilet training

Question 49

Fixation in the anal stage, from toilet training that is too harsh, can take one of two forms:

Answer 49

Anal Expulsive Personality Anal Retentive Personality

Question 50

someone who sees messiness as a statement of personal control.

Answer 50

Anal Expulsive Personality –

Question 51

someone stingy, stubborn, and excessively neat

Answer 51

Anal Retentive Personality –

Question 52

PHALLIC STAGE (3 to 6 Years) – the erogenous zone shifts to the __ where the child first begins to discover sexual feelings.

Answer 52

genitals

Question 53

Most children have already engaged in perfectly normal self-stimulation of the genitals, or __.

Answer 53

masturbation

Question 54

This awakening of __ and interest in the genitals.

Answer 54

sexual curiosity

Question 55

Phallic comes from the Greek word __

Answer 55

Phallos, which means “penis.”

Question 56

men’s fear of losing the penis_

Answer 56

Castration Anxiety

Question 57

girl experience anxiety at not having a penis.

Answer 57

Penis Envy

Question 58

__– men feel the need to compensate for their lack of child-bearing ability.

Answer 58

Womb Envy

Question 59

People who are fixated in this stage will often exhibit promiscuous sexual behavior and be very vain.

Answer 59

PHALLIC STAGE (3 to 6 Years)

Question 60

Men with this fixation may be “mama’s boys” who never quite grow up, and women with this fixation may look for much older father figures to marry.

Answer 60

PHALLIC STAGE (3 to 6 Years)

Question 61

– situation wherein a male child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent.

Answer 61

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

Question 62

Female children develop an

Answer 62

Electra Complex.

Question 63

From age 6 to the onset of puberty, children will remain in this stage of hidden, or latent, sexual feelings, so this stage is called

Answer 63

latency

Question 64

– occurs during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.

Answer 64

LATENCY STAGE (6 Years to Puberty)

Question 65

Age at which girls and boys think the opposite sex is pretty awful.

Answer 65

LATENCY STAGE (6 Years to Puberty)

Question 66

children grow and develop intellectually, physically, and socially but not sexually.

Answer 66

LATENCY STAGE (6 Years to Puberty)

Question 67

stage where sexual urges are allowed back into consciousness and the individual moves toward adult social and sexual behavior.

Answer 67

GENITAL STAGE (Puberty On) –