8.9-8.11

Question 1

is the period of life from about age 13 to the early 20s, during which a young person is no longer physically a child but is not yet an independent, ___

Answer 1

Adolescence, self-supporting adult

Question 2

Is the period of rapid growth and sexual development that kicks off in adolescence, typically between ages

Answer 2

Puberty; 8 and 14.

Question 3

Factors like ____(such as diet and exercise) play an important role in determining the timing of puberty.

Answer 3

heredity and environmental influences

Question 4

Puberty begins around age ___for girls and ___ for boys, gradually decreasing over time since the 19th century.

Answer 4

10-11; 11-12

Question 5

The extension of adolescence has even led to the concept of___, spanning roughly ages 18 to 29, bridging the gap between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood.

Answer 5

emerging adulthood

Question 6

Puberty involves physiology shifts in height, weight, body composition, and circulatory, and respiratory systems.
Both____mature during this time.

Answer 6

Hormonal Changes; adrenal glands and sex

Question 7

___ surges in girls, while ___ surges in boys.

Answer 7

Estrogen; testosterone

Question 8

Hormones serve an ____(priming the body for behavioral changes) and an ___(triggering specific physical and behavioral shifts.

Answer 8

organizational function ; activational function

Question 9

After about ___, the physical changes of puberty are relatively complete.

Answer 9

4 years

Question 10

However, the development of the brain continues well into the ___.

Answer 10

early 20s

Question 11

The ___, responsible for impulse control, decision making, and understanding information, doesn’t fully develop until about age .

Answer 11

prefrontal cortex; 25

Question 12

In adolescence, ____ undergoes significant shifts, impacting self-perception, peer relationships, and worldview.

Answer 12

cognitive development

Question 13

___becomes possible, allowing teenagers to contemplate hypothetical situations and envision an “ideal” world.

Answer 13

Abstract thinking

Question 14

Adolescents, especially those receiving a formal high school education, may transition into Piaget’s final stage of formal operations.

Answer 14

Piaget’s Formal Operations Revisited:

Question 15

While adolescents move toward adult-style thinking, they are not entirely free from ___ thought.
During this phase, egocentrism manifests in their preoccupation with their own thoughts.

Answer 15

egocentric

Question 16

Adolescents engage in introspection, often convinced that their thoughts hold equal importance for others.

Answer 16

Egocentrism Persists

Question 17

Two key aspects of adolescent egocentrism are the ____

Answer 17

personal fable and the imaginary audience.

Question 18

Often believe they are unique, one-of-a-kind, and that their thoughts and feelings are unparalleled.
The phrase “You just don’t understand me, I’m different from you” resonates with many teens.

Answer 18

Personal Fable

Question 19

Extreme self-conciousness characterizes adolescence.
They believe everyone is constantly observing them.
In their minds, they are the center of everyone else’s world, just as they are the center of their own.

Answer 19

Imaginary Audience

Question 20

____, a Harvard University professor, built upon Piaget’s work and proposed a theory of moral development.

Answer 20

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 21

Kohlberg studied how people of different ages responded to moral dilemmas, examining their moral reasoning.

Answer 21

Three Levels of Moral Development (Preconventional Morality, Conventional Morality, Postconventional Morality)

Question 22

Morality is based on consequences.
Actions that lead to rewards are considered right, while those resulting in punishment are wrong.

Answer 22

Preconventional Morality (Very Young Children)

Question 23

Morality aligns with societal rules.
An action is morally right if it conforms to established norms, and wrong if it violates them.

Answer 23

Conventional Morality (Older Children, Adolescents, and Most Adults):

Question 24

Morality is determined by personal experiences and judgment, even if it conflicts with societal rules.
Individuals consider higher principles beyond mere conventions.

Answer 24

Postconventional Morality (About One Fifth of the Adult Population}

Question 25

is the fifth stage in psychologist Erik Eriksoon’s theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs typically between the ages of 12 and 18.

Answer 25

Erikson’s Identity Versus Role Confusion

Question 26

It is characterized by asking the fundamental question:

Answer 26

Who am I?

Question 27

The goal is to establish a consistent___amidst these choices.

Answer 27

sense of self

Question 28

The conscious sense of self that develops through social interaction.
It encompasses experiences, relationships, beliefs, values, and memories.

Answer 28

Identity

Question 29

A feeling of continuity within oneself and in interactions with others.

Answer 29

Self-sameness:

Question 30

: A framework to differentiate between oneself and others.

Answer 30

Uniqueness

Question 31

Teens who struggle with identity formation may experience ___

Answer 31

role confusion.

Question 32

___ can significantly impact teenagers who yearn to “fit in” and adopt a specific identity.

Answer 32

Peer pressure

Question 33

During adolescence, the journey toward self-discovery often involves conflict with parents.

Answer 33

Parent-Teen Conflict

Question 34

Researchers emphasize that a certain amount of rebellion and conflict is essential.
It serves as a necessary step in breaking away from childhood and dependence oon parents.
Adolescents strive toward becoming self-sufficient adults.
This rebellion isn’t always as intense as it may seem.

Answer 34

Purposeful Rebellion

Question 35

Contrary to dramatic expectations, most parent-teen conflicts revolve around seemingly trivial matter:

Answer 35

The Trivial Turbulence

Question 36

On the big moral issues, parents and teens often find themselves in agreement.
Their values align more than they realize.

Answer 36

Shared Moral Ground