5.3-5.5 Flashcards
(39 cards)
demonstration of the classical conditioning of a phobia.
“Little Albert
an irrational fear response.
Phobia
easiest forms of classical conditioning to accomplish.
Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli.
Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
may lead to phobias
CER
Classical conditioning of an involuntary response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person.
Vicarious Conditioning
development of a nausea or aversive response to a particular taste because that taste was followed by a nausea reaction.
Occurs after only one association.
Conditioned Taste Aversions
The tendency of animals to learn certain associations, such as taste and nausea, with only one or few pairings due to the survival value of the learning.
Biological Preparedness
for fear of objects that are dangerous makes sense for survival, but when objects are not typically dangerous, it turns out to be very difficult to condition a fear of those objects.
Biological preparedness
is about how organisms learn voluntary responses.
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning is based on the research of
Edward L. Thorndike and B.F. Skinner.
placed a hungry cat inside a “puzzle box” from which the only escape was to press a lever on the box floor. The cat will receive a food reward if it breaks out of the box.
Frustrating Cats: Thorndike’s Law of Effect
If a pleasurable consequence follows an action, it will tend to be repeated. If an action is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend to not be repeated.
Law of Effect
was the behaviorist who assumed leadership in the field after John Watson.
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) was the behaviorist who assumed leadership in the field after
John Watson
is what people and animals do to operate in the world.
Voluntary behavior
Learning depends on what happens after the response
the consequence.
anything that, when following a response, causes that response to be more likely to happen again.
Reinforcement
His early research often involved placing a rat in one of these chambers and training it to push down on a bar to get food.
Skinner box or operant conditioning chamber
any events or objects that, when following a response, increase the likelihood of that response occurring again.
Reinforcers
Reinforcers that fulfill a basic need.
Primary Reinforcers
Gets their reinforcing properties from being associated with primary reinforcers in the past.
Secondary Reinforcers
Responses are voluntary
OC
End result is the creation of a new response to a stimulus that did not normally produce a response
CC
