1.1.1 Pelvis & Pelvic Diaphragm

Question 1

The puborectalis runs posterior to the anorectal junction forming what angle?

Answer 1

Anorectal angle

Question 2

Describe the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 2

A muscular funnel that surrounds the anal canal

Question 3

Infections around the anus and rectum

Answer 3

Perianal abscesses

Question 4

What is the most important subdivision of the levator ani muscle when is comes to birthing?

Answer 4

pubococcygeous b/c it encircles; most often injured muscle during parturition

Question 5

Name this space and its clinical significance.

Answer 5

Sacral Hiatus; Epidural injections

Question 6

What this be?

Answer 6

Bleeding due to straddle injury

Question 7

Describe the anatomical boundaries of the perineum

Answer 7

Question 8

When does the pelvis completely fuse?

Answer 8

~20 years of age

Question 9

What shape of pelvis?

Answer 9

Android - typical male shaped pelvis

Question 10

What are the covered parts

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the dimensions of the pelvic inlet (explain the diagonal and obstetrical (true) conjugate.

Answer 11

Question 12

The pelvic diaphragm is made of what two muscles?

Answer 12

Levator ani muscle

coccygeus muscle

Question 13

What are the three parts of the external anal sphincter? What is its innervation?

Answer 13

Inferior rectal nerve (S2-4)

Question 14

Which hormones are thought to partially degrade the cartillage of the immobile joints of the pelvis to allow for some movement?

Answer 14

Progesterone and Relaxin

Question 15

Type of injuries that damage external genitalia which may lead to bleeding into the superficial perineal space

Answer 15

Straddle injuries

Question 16

Describe the lymphatic drainage above an below the pectinate line.

Answer 16

Above - internal iliac lymph node

Below - Superficial inguinal lymph node

Question 17

What type of exercises are thought to help prevent injury during parturition?

Answer 17

Kegel exercises

Question 18

What shape of pelvis?

Answer 18

Gynecoid - typical female shaped pelvis

Question 19

Formed by the ishial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx

Answer 19

Anal triangle

Question 20

The inferioposterior portion of the abdomen that serves as a transition from the trunk to lower limb

Answer 20

Pelvis

Question 21

The surface of the pubic surface gets smoother until what age? When does it start to pit?

Answer 21

~30-40 years; >50 years

Question 22

Shape of pelvis?

Answer 22

Anthropoid - a pelvis that has an enlongated anterior to posterior dimension, similar to man

Question 23

What are the three subdivisions of the levator ani muscle?

Answer 23

pubococcygeous, puborectalis, iliococcygeous

Question 24

What is the innervation of the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 24

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 25

What this be?

Answer 25

Anal fissure

Question 26

What are the bones present in the bony pelvis?

Answer 26

Question 27

Compare these structures of male and female pelves: general structure, subpubic angle, greater pelvis, true pelvis, pelvic brim, and pelvic outlet.

Answer 27

Question 28

Compare the angles of the subpubic angle in males and females?

Answer 28

Females: ~90 degrees Males: 70 degrees

Question 29

Area b/t the upper thighs

Answer 29

Perineum

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

What are the two spaces created by the perineal membrane?

Answer 31

Question 32

What runs through the pelvic diaphragm in men? females?

Answer 32

Males: Anus and urethra Females: anus, urethra, and vagina

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

What does the peritoneum include in women?

Answer 34

Anus and vulva (external genitalia)

Question 35

Shape of pelvis?

Answer 35

Platypelloid

Question 36

What three bones fuse together to form the innominate bone?

Answer 36

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 37

Identify these three muscles

Answer 37

Question 38

What three types of fascia can be present in the superficial membranous fascia

Answer 38

Question 39

What does the peritoneum include in men?

Answer 39

anus, penis, and scrotum

Question 40

What are the two areas of the pelvis?

Answer 40

Question 41

What is true about pelvic fractures?

Answer 41

Most commonly have multiple fractures when fractures occur; most commonly due to car accidents

Question 42

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 42

fibrous and synovial

Question 43

Identify

Answer 43

Question 44

A **fibrocartillagenous** joint with an interpubic disc b/t the pubic bones in the midline

Answer 44

Pubic symphysis

Question 45

What are the characteristics of a pilonidal cyst?

Answer 45

Question 46

What are the covered parts?

Answer 46