2.3.1 Implantation and Development of the Placenta

Question 1

What does the decidua basalis go on to form?

Answer 1

The placenta

Question 2

Identify the portions of the fetal villi

Answer 2

Question 3

Uteroplacental vascular insufficiency is a potential cause of what?

Answer 3

Preeclampsia

Question 4

What primes/creates a receptive endometrium?

Answer 4

Estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum

Question 5

What are the seven steps of ovulation and implantation?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the two different cell groups in the blastocyst?

Answer 6

Inner cell mass (90%)

Outer cell mass (10%)

Question 7

What are the three processes of implantation?

Answer 7

apposition, adhesion, and invasion

Question 8

What makes a villous an anchoring villous?

Answer 8

Connects to the maternal basalis

Question 9

Describe the state of the coiled arteries during the progression through the menstrual cycle

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the different types of monozyogotic twins?

Answer 10

Know Mono Di

Question 11

Of lost pregnancies, what % of pregnancies are lost due to failure to implant?

Answer 11

75%

Question 12

Describe the progression from the blastocyst to the development of the three germ layers

Answer 12

Question 13

What causes loss of uterine wall during a period?

Answer 13

The coiled arteries of the functionalis layer of endometrium constrict reducing blood flow. This causes necrosis and sloughing seen during a period

Question 14

What marks the transition from pre-eclampsia to eclampsia?

Answer 14

Maternal seizures

Question 15

Identify the two sides of the term placenta?

Answer 15

Left: Fetal side

Right: Maternal side

Question 16

The expression of what by trophoblast cells may limit recognition by the maternal immune system?

Answer 16

HLA-G

Question 18

Summarize embryogenesis (you studied this in FOM)

Answer 18

Question 19

What does the syncytiotrophoblase release in order to promote embryonic survival?

Answer 19

hCG - keeps progesterone produce to prevent menses

VEGF - to seek out and invade maternal blood vessels

Question 20

Used to describe a cell that can give rise to any and all cell types (somatic cells, germ cells, placenta)

Answer 20

Totipotent

Question 21

How does the blastocyst adhere to the uterus?

Answer 21

Microvilli of the syncytiotrophoblast bind with pinopodes

Question 22

What are the three portions of the decidua?

Answer 22

Decidua basalis, decidua parietalis, decidua vera (capsularis)

Question 23

Capable of giving rise to many cell types (somatic and germ cells)

Answer 23

Pluripotent

Question 24

What are the three phases of endometrium status during a menstrual cycle?

Answer 24

Early/late proliferative and secretory phase

Question 25

What type of placenta is utilized during human development?

Answer 25

Hemochordial placenta (trophoblast contacts maternal blood)

Question 26

In what conditions is AFP elevated?

Answer 26

Question 27

Draw out a schematic drawing off a full term fetus

Answer 27

Question 28

Where AFP produced in the embryo?

Answer 28

yolk sac and fetal liver

Question 29

Which cells of the blastocyst are responsible for forming the embryo?

Answer 29

Inner cell mass

Question 30

What is decidualization?

Answer 30

Transformation of secretory endometrium to decidua

Question 31

Can give rise to multiple, but limited # of lineages?

Answer 31

Multipotent (progenitor cells)

Question 32

What must the blastocyst hatch out of prior to implantation?

Answer 32

Zona pellucida

Question 33

What occurs into uteroplacental vascular insufficiency?

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe how blood flow occurs within the placenta on both the fetal and maternal side

Answer 34

Question 35

How long does it take the blastocyst to hatch out of the zona pellucida?

Answer 35

5-6 days

Question 36

Describe the process of chorionic villi formation (Need to know)

Answer 36

Question 37

What stage of development?

Answer 37

Trophoblastic plate stage

Question 38

Disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and a large amount of protein in the urine

Answer 38

Pre-eclampsia

Question 39

What is a common cause of infertility?

Answer 39

Failure to implant

Question 40

What may contribute to preeclampsia?

Answer 40

Placental thrombosis

Question 41

What is the maximal fecundity (probability of conception during a single menstrual cycle)?

Answer 41

20-30%

Question 42

What embryonic cell group is considered pluripotent?

Answer 42

blastocyst (inner cell mass)

Question 43

When does blastocyst implantation typically occur?

Answer 43

6-7 days after fertilization, embryo implants into the uterine wall

Question 44

During what embryonic stage, are totipotent cells present?

Answer 44

Zygote, morula

Question 45

Describe the way nutrients are passed b/t fetal and maternal blood

Answer 45

Question 46

What is required for decidualization?

Answer 46

Implantation of the blastocyst

Question 47

What are the different stages of embryogenesis?

Answer 47

Question 48

Where does fertilization of the ovulated egg typically occur?

Answer 48

In the ampullar region