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Microbiology > Acute Encephalitis > Flashcards

Acute Encephalitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causative organisms of Acute Encephalitis?

A

Arboviruses, Herpes Simplex virus 1 or 2, JC virus, Postinfection Encephalitis

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2
Q

What are all the Arboviruses?

A 
West Nile virus
La Crosse virus
Jamestown Canyon virus
St. Louis encephalitis virus
Powassann virus
Eastern equine encephalitis vius
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3
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Arbovirues (West Nile virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus)?

A

Vector (arthropod bites)

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors for Arboviruses (West Nile virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus)?

A

Attachment, fusion, invasion capabilities

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5
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Arboviruses (West Nile virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus)?

A

History, rapid serological tests, nucleic acid amplification tests

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6
Q

How do you prevent Arrboviruses (West Nile virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus) infection?

A

Insect control

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7
Q

How do you treat Arboviruses (West Nile virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus) infection?

A

None

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8
Q

What are distinctive features of Arboviruses (West Nile virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus) infection?

A

History of exposure to insect important; EEV–Category B Bioterrorisim Agent

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9
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Arboviruses (West Nile virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus)?

A

See incidence rates in Figure 19.11

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10
Q

What form of Acute Encephalitis is Herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

Virus

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11
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

Vertical or reactivation of laten infection

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12
Q

What are teh virulence factors for Herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A
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13
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

Clinical presentation, PCR, Ab tests, growth of virus in cell culture

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14
Q

How do you prevent Herpes simplex 1 or 2 infection?

A

Maternal screening for HSV

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15
Q

How do you treat for Herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

Acyclovir

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16
Q

What are the distinctive features of Herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

In infants, disseminated disease present; rare between 30 and 50 years

17
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

HSV-1 most common cause of encephalitis; 2 cases per million per year

18
Q

What form of acute encephalitis is JC virus?

A

Virus

19
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for JC virus?

A

? Ubiquitious

20
Q

What are the virulence factors for JC virus?

A
21
Q

How do you culture/diagnose JC virus infection?

A

PCR of cerebrospinal fluid

22
Q

How do you prevent JC virus infection?

A

None

23
Q

How do you treat JC virus infection?

A

No drugs proven effective; melfloquine and others have been used

24
Q

What are the distinctive factors for JC virus?

A

In severely immunocompromised, especially AIDS

25
Q

What are the epidemiological features for JC virus?

A

Affects 5% of adults with untreated AIDS

26
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Postinfection Encephalitis?

A

Sequelae of measles, other viral infections, and occasionally, vaccination

27
Q

What are the virulence factors for Postinfection Encephalitis?

A
28
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Postinfection Encephalitis?

A

Historry of virla infection or vaccination

29
Q

How do you prevent Postinfection Encephalitis?

A
30
Q

How do you treat Postinfection Encephalitis?

A

Steriods, anti-inflammatory agents

31
Q

What are distinctive features of Postinfection Encephalitis?

A

History of virus/vaccine exposurer critical

32
Q

What are the epidemiological featurers of Postinfection Encephalitis?

A

Rare in United States due to vaccination; more common in developing countries, more common inn boys than girls

Microbiology (47 decks)

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