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Microbiology > Hemorrhagic Fevers > Flashcards

Hemorrhagic Fevers Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the disease that are Hemorrhagic Fevers?

A

Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, Ebola and/or Marburg, Lassa Fever

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2
Q

What are the causative organisms of Yellow Fever?

A

Yellow Fever virus

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3
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

A

Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

A

Disruption of clotting factors

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5
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

A

ELISA, PCR

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6
Q

How do you prevent Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

A

Live attenuated vaccine available

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7
Q

How do you treat Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

A

Supportive

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8
Q

What are the distinctive features for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

A

Accompanied by jaundice

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9
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

A

United States: only sporadic cases in travelers; internationally, 200,000 cases annually, 30,000 deaths; 90% of cases in Africa

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10
Q

What are the causative agents for Dengue Fever?

A

Dengue fever virus

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11
Q

What are the common modes of transmission for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

A

Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)

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12
Q

What are the virulence factors for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

A

Disruption of clotting factors

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13
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

A

Rise in IgM titers

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14
Q

How prevent Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

A
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15
Q

How do you treat Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

A

Supportive

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16
Q

What are the distinctive features for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

A

“Breakbone fever”–so named due to to severe pain in some forms

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17
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

A

United States: only sporadic cases, small outbreaks. Most cases in Puerto Rico, the U.S., Virgin Islands, Samoa, and Guam; internationally, 50-300 million people, infected every year and tens of thousands of deaths occur, mostly among children.

Category A Bioterrorism Agent

18
Q

What are the causative agents of Chikungunya?

A

Chikungunya virus

19
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

A

Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)

20
Q

What are the virulence factors for Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

A

Disruption of clotting factors

21
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

A

PCR

22
Q

How do you prevent Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

A
23
Q

How do you treat Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

A

Supportive

24
Q

What are distinctive features of Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

A

Arthritic symptoms

25
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

A

First local transmission in United States in 2014; has exploded in the Americas since its arrival in 2013 with an estimated 1.7 million suspected cases

26
Q

What are the causative organisms for Ebola and/or Marburg?

A

Ebolo virus, Marburg virus

27
Q

What the most common modes of transmission for Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

A

Direct contact, body fluids

28
Q

What are the virulence factors for Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

A

Disruption of clotting factors

29
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

A

PCR, viral culture (conducted at CDC)

30
Q

How do you prevent Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

A

New Ebola vaccine suitable for epidemic situations tested successfully in 2016

31
Q

How do you treat Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

A

Supportive

32
Q

What are the distinctive features of Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

A

Massive hemorrhage; rash sometimes present

33
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

A

United States: only imported infections; internationally, sporadic outbreaks in Africa; major Ebola outbreak 2014-2016

Category A Bioterrorism Agent

34
Q

What are the causative agents for Lassa Fever?

A

Lassa fever virus

35
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

A

Droplet contact (aerosolized rodent excretions), direct contact with infected fluids

36
Q

What are the virulence factors for Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

A

Disruption of clotting factors

37
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

A

ELISA

38
Q

How do you prevent Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

A

Avoiding rats, safe food storage

39
Q

How do you treat Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

A

Ribavirin

40
Q

What are the distinctive features of Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

A

Chest pain, deafness as long-term sequelae

41
Q

What are the distinctive features of Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

A

United States: no reported cases; internationally, estimated 100,000-300,0000 cases annually in West Africa;

Category A Bioterrorism Agent

Microbiology (47 decks)

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