Internal pharynx and larynx Session 8

Question 1

what r the surface landmarks of the larynx

Answer 1

1. hyoid bone
2. thyroid notch
3. thyroid prominence of thyroid cartilage

Question 2

what is inferior to the cricoid cartilage

Answer 2

cartilaginous rings of trachea

Question 3

where r the cricothyroid muscles found

Answer 3

pass in between thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Question 4

what is the laryngeal inlet

Answer 4

opening that connects the pharynx to larynx

Question 5

what is the piriform fossa and where is it located

Answer 5

deep depression in posterior hypopharynx on either side of the laryngeal opening
lateral to the posterior margins of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Question 6

what is the valleculae and its location

Answer 6

small mucosa lined depression

between base of tongue and the epiglottis

Question 7

significance of tumours in piriform fossa

Answer 7

malignant tumours r silent until they fill up the fossa- at this point they r already advanced

Question 8

what is the carina and what does it bifurcate into

Answer 8

bifurcation of the trachea into the left and right main bronchus

Question 9

what is the function of the cricothyroid muscles

Answer 9

alter length and tension of vocal cords by tilting the thyroid cartilage forward on the cricoid cartilage

Question 10

what marks the laryngeal inlet

Answer 10

aryepiglottic folds

Question 11

what is the synovial joint in the larynx formed by

Answer 11

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage with cricoid cartilage

Question 12

what does the cricoid cartilage surround and what significant structure does it contain (involved in speech). What is the tissue of this structure

Answer 12

ring of hyaline cartilage surrounding tracea

strong connective tissue= voice box

Question 13

what cartilage is the thyroid cartilage, where is it located and what is its structure

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage
anterior to larynx and superior to thyroid gland
two halves that meet at a middle peak= thyroid prominence

Question 14

cricoid cartilage vs thyroid cartilage location (1) and differences (2)

Answer 14

thyroid= superior to cricoid cartilage
thyroid= open at back, circoid= complete ring
thryoid= larger

Question 15

what does the soft palate divide and what is it made of

Answer 15

divides oro and naso pharynx posteriorly

made of muscle fibres covered by a mucous membrane

Question 16

what is the uvula

Answer 16

central process that hangs from midline of soft palate

Question 17

what r the two vocal cords alternative names and what separates them

Answer 17

false vocal cord= superior vestibular fold
true vocal cord= inferior vestibular fold
laryngeal sinus

Question 18

what is the space between the two vocal folds and its function

Answer 18

rima glottidis

can be closed/ varied in shape to produce different speech sounds

Question 19

what do the vestibular folds contain?

Answer 19

mucous glands

Question 20

what r the vocal cords formed of

Answer 20

vocalis muscle surrounded by connective tissue

Question 21

significance of the superior laryngeal nerve in the larynx (hint reflex)

Answer 21

is the afferent nerve of cough reflex

Question 22

where can the recurrent laryngeal nerves be found

Answer 22

in the groove between trachea and oesophagus

Question 23

what nerve innervates the muscles of the larynx and what is the exception

Answer 23

recurrent laryngeal nerve

cricothyoid= external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 24

location of submandibular gland and on what bone

Answer 24

sits on floor of mouth

ramus of mandible

Question 25

what gland is related closely to an artery

Answer 25

posterior surface of submandibular= facial artery

Question 26

duct of submandibular gland path

Answer 26

gland passes deep to mylohyoid muscle then gives off duct that opens into floor of mouth under tongue

Question 27

location of parotid gland

Answer 27

anterior to pinna

superficial to mandible

Question 28

location relation of parotid and submandibular glands

Answer 28

parotid= posterior to submandibular

Question 29

relation between CN 7 and parotid gland

Answer 29

CN 7 enters the back of the gland and divides into 5 branches in the gland

Question 30

parotid gland duct path

Answer 30

passes over masseter muscle

enters the oral cavity adjacent to upper second molar as a papilla

Question 31

explain a tracheostomy

Answer 31

way to restore airflow when there is airway obstruction

hole made in cricothyoid membrane

Question 32

clinical relevance of CN 7 and parotid gland

Answer 32

cancer of parotid gland can damage CN 7 and cause facial paralysis