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Anatomy > The anterior forearm and wrist Session 28 > Flashcards

The anterior forearm and wrist Session 28 Flashcards

1
Q

what r the two bones of the forearm and what connects them

A

radius and ulna

interosseous membrane

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2
Q

what two actions occur at the elbow joint

A

flexion and extension

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3
Q

articulation between ulna and humerus

A

trochlea notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of humerus

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4
Q

articulation between radius and humerus

A

radial head articulates with the capitellum of the humerus

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5
Q

what is the radiocarpal joint formed in between

A

carpal bones and radius

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6
Q

what actions occur at the wrist joint

A

flexion extension

abduction adduction

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7
Q

where do the radius and ulna articulate with each other and what movement does this allow

A

at proximal and distal radioulnar joints

pronation

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8
Q

name the carpal bones in order from S to T

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pissiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, traqezium

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9
Q

what is general arrangement of the carpal bones

A

proximal and distal row

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10
Q

what three bones make up the radiocarpal joint

A

radius, scaphoid and lunate

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11
Q

what is the mneumonic to remember the carpal bones

A

So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

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12
Q

what is unique about the pissiform carpal bone

A

not a true carpal bone but a small bone that develops in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

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13
Q

what is the most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

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14
Q

how many phalanges r in each finger and thumb

A

3 in each finger, 2 in each thumb

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15
Q

what r the borders of the cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis laterally
pronator teres medially
base= line between medial and lateral epicondyles

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16
Q

what 4 structures r found in the cubital fossa

A

biceps tendon
median nerve
brachial artery
superficial veins (cephalic and basilic)

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17
Q

what does the brachial artery bifurcate into

A

radial and ulnar arteries

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18
Q

what r the 4 muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

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19
Q

what is the attachment of the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment

A

medial epicondyle

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20
Q

what is the common flexor origin

A

the origin site of the superficial flexor muscles (anterior compartment) on the humerus

21
Q

what is the movement of pronator teres

A

pronator

22
Q

what is the movement of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and abducts the wrist

23
Q

what does the tendon of palmaris longus insert onto

A

palmar fascia of hand

24
Q

what is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes and adducts wrist

25
Q

what is the motor innervation of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm and what are the exceptions

A

all median except:

flexor carpus ulnaris and the medial hallf of flexor digitorum profundus which r innervated by the ulnar nerve

26
Q

what is the one muscle of the anterior compartment in the middle layer and how many tendons does it give rise to

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

4 tendons

27
Q

what r the three muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus
pronator quadratus

28
Q

how many tendons does flexor digitorum profundus give rise to

A

4 tendons

29
Q

what is the dual innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

lateral half- medial nerve (index and middle fingers)

medial half- ulnar nerve (ring and pinky fingers)

30
Q

what is the general movement of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes the thumb

31
Q

attachment of flexor pollicis longus

A

palmar surface of distal phalynx of thumb

32
Q

what is the shape and position and movement of pronator quadratus

A

sqaure shaped
lies over distal ends of radius and ulnar
pronates distal radioulnar joint

33
Q

which 2 muscles r not flexors in the anterior compartment

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

34
Q

what is the flexor retinaculum and its two attachment pairs

A

fibrous band that is attached to the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and to the hook of the hamate and pissiform medially

35
Q

what forms the 4 borders of the carpal tunnel

A

floor and side= the carpal bones

roof= flexor retinaculum

36
Q

what r the 10 structures running through the carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (4)
flexor digitorum profundus (4)
flexor pollicis longus (1)
median nerve

37
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by

A

reduction in space in the carpal tunnel which increases pressure and compresses the median nerve

38
Q

symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

weakness of hand muscles supplied by median nerve

impaired sensation of skin over hand supplied by median nerve

39
Q

why is it important to recognise and treat carpal tunnel syndrome fast

A

if left untreated, the small muscles of the thumb may atrophy and cause permanent weakness

40
Q

what artery bifurcates in the cubital fossa and what r the two branches

A

brachial-

radial and ulnar

41
Q

what r the two important superficial veins

A

cephalic and basilic

42
Q

what vein joins the two basilic and cephalic veins together and where does this happen

A

median cubital vein

cubital fossa

43
Q

what do the deep veins of the upper limb drain into

A

axillary vein

44
Q

what do the basilic and cephalic veins drain into

A

axillary vein

45
Q

what is the interosseous membrane

A

dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue between radius and ulnar

46
Q

what happens if there is damage to the ulnar nerve

A

impairs function and sensation of medial 1.5 digits

47
Q

what happens if there is damage to the median nerve

A

impairs the function of muscles of thumb and lack of sensations of hand where the median nerve supplies the skin

48
Q

what is a ganglion (clinical for wrist) and what does it contain

A

cystic swelling on the dorsum of wrist

they contain synovial fluid

Anatomy (28 decks)

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