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anatomy > Adrenal Glands, Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall Session 25 > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands, Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall Session 25 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general structure of the adrenal glands

A

outer cortex

inner medulla

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2
Q

what does the adrenal cortex produce (3)

A

cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone

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3
Q

what does the adrenal medulla produce

A

adrenaline

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4
Q

what r the adrenal embedded in

A

perinephric fat

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5
Q

compare shape of right and left adrenal glands

A

right: tetrahedral shape
left: crescent

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6
Q

what structures r superfifcal to the adrenal glands

A

stomach and pancrea

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7
Q

what is the arterial supply to adrenal glands and their origins (3)

A

superior adrenal- inferior phrenic, abd aorta
middle adrenal- abd aorta
inferior adrenal artery- renal, abd artery

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8
Q

in the peritoneal cavity what is the shifted midline of aorta and IVC?

A

IVC to right of midline

Aorta to left of midline

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9
Q

why might the right adrenal gland be in a different position to the left

A

pressed by the liver closer to vertebral column

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10
Q

what r the names used to describe the position of the kidney in the abdomen

A

extraperitoneal (outside peritoneum)

retroperitoneal (behind peritoneum)

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11
Q

what r the layers on top of the kidney (inner to out)- 3

A

perinephric fat
renal fascia
paranephric fat

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12
Q

what is at the renal hilum (4)

A

renal artery, vein, lymphatics and ureter

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13
Q

position of veins, arteries and ureter at hilum (anatomy identification)

A 
ureter= most posterior, no branches
veins= superficial to arteries
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14
Q

arterial and venous supply of kidneys

A

L + R renal artery and veins from aorta and IVC

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15
Q

what is the internal strucutre of the kidneys (3)

A

outer cortex
inner medulla
innermost, medial calyces

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16
Q

organisation of medulla of kidneys

A

pyramids

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17
Q

function of calyces

A

drain urine and merge to form the ureter

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18
Q

what r the fucntional units of kideys

A

nephrons

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19
Q

functions of nephron (3)

A

filter blood
reabsrob water and solutes
excrete waste products

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20
Q

what parts of the nephron r in the medulla

A

loop of henle and rest of collecting duct

21
Q

what parts of the nephron r in the cortex

A

glomerulus, glomerular capsule, proximal and distal tubules, part of collecting duct

22
Q

path of urine from collecting ducts to ureter

A

travels down medullary pyramid to renal papillae (apex) and enters minor calyx
enters major calyx then renal pelvis
then to the ureter

23
Q

what is the structure of the walls of the ureter and why

A

narrow tubes with muscular walls

contraction to move urine via peristalsis

24
Q

path of ureter

A

run anterior to psoas major on posterior abdominal wall
then crosses pelvic brim to enter pelvis
then enters bladder in its inferomedial spect

25
Q

what r kidneys stones and what can they cause

A

hard stones of calcium

obstruction of ureters= kidneys fill with urine and swell

26
Q

where r kidney stones most likely to get stuck (3)

A
  1. pelvic-ureteric junction (renal pelvis)
  2. pelvis brim (goes over iliac artery)
  3. vesico-ureteric junction (ureter empties into bladder)
27
Q

what r the lumbar spinal nerves

A

L1-L4 and contribution from T12

28
Q

what r the branches of the lumbar plexus (6)

A 
ilioinguinal
iliohypogastric
genitofemoral
lateral femoral cutaneous
femoral 
obturator
29
Q

what does the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric supply

A

anterior abdominal wall muscles and skin of external genitalia

30
Q

ilioinguinal vs iliohypogastric position

A

ilioinguinal is superior and parallel

31
Q

what is the subcostal spinal origin and what is its position compared to the branches of the lumbar plexus branches

A

T 12

superior to all

32
Q

what does the genitofemoral nerve supply

A

skin of external genitalia

33
Q

what does genitofemoral run over

A

psoas major

34
Q

what does the lateral cuteanous neve of the thigh supply and what does it run over

A

skin over lateral part of thigh

iliacus

35
Q

what does the femoral nerve supply and where is its location and what is significant about the appearance of this nerve

A

supplies muscles and skin of anterior thigh
appears to come from posterior of psoas major (between psoas and iliacus)
chunky nerve

36
Q

what does the obturator nerve supply and what is its position on the posterior abdominal wall and what pelvis structure does it go into

A

muscles and skin of medial thigh
most medial nerve
pelvic inlet

37
Q

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate and into what

A

L4 right and left common iliac arteries

38
Q

at what level does the internal iliac branch off the common iliac

A

L5-S1

39
Q

what r the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta (3)

A

coeliac trunk

superior and inferior mesenteric artery

40
Q

what r the paired branches of the abdominal aorta (5)

A 
inferior phrenic
lumbar
renal
adrenal
gonadal
41
Q

what r the structures running along the posterior abdominal wall (5)

A 
IVC
aorta
sympathetic branches of lumbar
ureters
gonadal vessesl
42
Q

what r the divisions of the male urethra

A

preprostatic, prostatic, membraneous, penile

43
Q

what tissue do bulbs and crura in a male refer to

A 
bulb= corpus spongiosum
crura= corpora cavernosa
44
Q

is the male urethra surrounded by other structures and why

what is the exception

A

yes
support with pressure of ejac
membranous

45
Q

where does the male urethra carry urine from and to

A

internal urethral orifice of bladder to external urethral orifice at tip of glans

46
Q

where does the female urethra carry urine from and to

A

internal urethral orifice of bladder to external urethral orifice in vestibule in females

47
Q

what enters the male urethra and where

A

ejac duct

prostatic urethra

48
Q

do males and females have a navicular fossa

A

yes

anatomy (28 decks)

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