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Anatomy > The Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Session 32 > Flashcards

The Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Session 32 Flashcards

1
Q

what r the two layers of gluteal muscles

A

superficial and deep

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2
Q

what is the general action of the superficial gluteal muscles

A

abduct and extend the femur

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3
Q

what r the 4 superficial gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimis
tensor fascia lata

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4
Q

what is the location and characteristic of gluteus maximus and what does it shape

A

most superficial and largest muscle

produces shape of the buttocks

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5
Q

what r the 3 attachments and 2 insertions of gluteus maxmimus

A

attachment: posterior surface of ileum, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrum
insertion: mainly iliotibial tract and a small part onto the gluteal tuberosity

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6
Q

what r the actions of gluteus maximus and what movement is important for (MLEGS)

A

extensor and lateral rotator of hip
stabilises knee joint
important for standing up from sitting

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7
Q

what is the location of gluteus medius

A

underneath gluteus maximus

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8
Q

what is the location of gluteus minimus

A

underneath gluteus medius

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9
Q

what is the attachment and insertion of gluteus medius and minimus

A

attachment: anterior part of posterior surface of ileum
insertion: greater trochanter

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10
Q

what r the actions of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

A

abduct and medially rotate the hip

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11
Q

what is the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus important for

A

contract during walking on the side of the leg that is in contact with the ground to prevent tilt
this maintains smooth gait

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12
Q

what happens when the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus r weakened

A

pelvis tilts to contralateral side everytime that leg is in contact with the ground during walking= limp

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13
Q

what is the characteristic and size of tensor fascia lata MUSCLE its location

A

small superficial muscle

muscle head= close to anterior edge of iliac crest

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14
Q

attachment and insertion of tensor fascia lata

A

attachment: ASIS
insertion: iliotibial band which then inserts onto the lateral part of the proximal tibia

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15
Q

action of tensor fascia lata and how does it do this?

is it a prime mover?

A

stabilizes extended knee and flexes hip joint
contracts to tense the fascia lata and iliotibial band
NOT a prime mover

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16
Q

what is the general innervation fo the superficial gluteal muscles

A

gluteal nerves

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17
Q

where do the gluteal nerves arise from and their path into the thigh

A

sacral plexus in pelvis

leave plexus via greater sciatic foramen

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18
Q

what innervates the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve

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19
Q

what innervates the gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

what r the 4 deep gluteal msucles

A

piriformis
superiora and inferior gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris

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21
Q

what is the general action of the deep gluteal muscles (2)

hint (leave some dough mnemonic)

A

primarily stabilize and laterally rotate the hip joint

L= laterally rotates hip
S= stabilises hip
D= deep muscles
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22
Q

what is the location of the deep gluteal muscles

A

deep to gluteus minimus

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23
Q

what is the insertion of the deep gluteal muscles

A

all onto/ near the greater trochanter of the femur

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24
Q

what is the origin of the deep gluteal muscles and what is the exception

A

from ischium

exception: obturator internus

25
Q

what is the exception origin of obturator internus and what does its tendon pass through

A

arises from obturator membrane

tendon passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

26
Q

what does the sciatic nerve divide into and where does this occur

A

posterior thigh/ politeal fossa

into tibial and common peroneal nerves

27
Q

what is the attachment, path and insertion of piriformis

A

attachment: anterior surface of sacrum
path: passes through greater sciatic foramina
insertion: greater trochanter

28
Q

what muscle do the nerves of the sciatic foramina lie over

A

piriformis

29
Q

what r the two arteries that supply the gluteus muscles and what r they a branch of?

A

superior and inferior gluteal arteries

branches of internal iliac artery

30
Q

what is the path of the superior and inferior gluteal arteries

A

leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and enter the gluteal region

31
Q

what does the superior gluteal artery supply (3)

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae

32
Q

what muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply (4)

A

obturator internus, gluteus maximus, superior and inferior gemelli and the piriformis

33
Q

is there a large artery that supplies the hamstring muscles?

A

no

34
Q

what is the arterial supply of the posterior cmpartment muscles and what is the artery’s path

A

supplied by 3 or 4 perforating arteries arising from profunda femoris
travel through small apertures in the adductor magnus to reach the posterior compartment

35
Q

where is the femoral artery called another name and what is its name

A

popliteal fossa

popliteal artery

36
Q

what is the path of the femoral artery into the popliteal fossa

A

goes through adductor canal and adductor hiatus to enter the popliteal fossa

37
Q

what is the venous drainage of thigh and what is their path and what do they drain into

A

inferior and superior gluteal arteries
follow their corresponding arteries and drain
internal iliac vein

38
Q

what is the sciatic nerve formed from (spinal fibres)

A

L4-S3

39
Q

what r the two branches of the sciatic nerve, which is medial and lateral and what do each of them supply

A

lateral- common peroneal: muscles of anterior and lateral leg
medial- tibial: muscles of posterior thigh and leg

40
Q

where does the popliteal artery become the femoral vein and what is its path

A

in the popliteal fossa and then continues as the femoral vein through the adductor hiatus

41
Q

what is the adductor hiatus and what travels through this

A

gap between two heads of adductor magnus

femoral artery and vein

42
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

diamond-shaped depression behind the knee joint

43
Q

what r the borders of the popliteal fossa

A

medial upper: semitendinous and semimembranous
medial lower: medial head of the gastrocnemius
lateral upper: biceps femoris
lateral lower: lateral head of the gastrocnemius

44
Q

what r the five content of the popliteal fossa

A 
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
sciatic nerve (splits here)
tibial nerve
common peroneal nerve
45
Q

what r the two branches of the common peroneal nerve

A

superficial and deep peroneal nerve

46
Q

what is the path of the common peroneal nerve

A

travels along superolateral border of popliteal fossa

wraps around neck of fibula and splits

47
Q

what goes through the greater sciatic foramina (12)

A 
sciatic nerve
piriformis muscle
superior and inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris
Pudendal nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
48
Q

what is the order of gluteaus msucels from superficial to deep

A

maximus (most superficial) then medius then minimis

49
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the posterior thigh

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris (longus and brevis)
hamstrings part of adductor magnus

50
Q

what muscles r the hamstrings?

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris

51
Q

what is the attachment of the hamstrings, innervation and exception for this

A 
proximally to ischial tuberosity
tibial nerve (except short head biceps femoris)
52
Q

what is the actin of hamstrings

A

extend hip joint and flex knee joint

53
Q

what is the attachment, insertion, action and innervation of semimembranousus (same as semitendinosus)

A

attachment: proximally to ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia
action: extends hip, flexes knee
innervation: tibial

54
Q

what is the attachment, insertion, action and innervation of semitendinosus (same as semimembranosus)

A

attachment: proximally to ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia
action: extends hip, flexes knee
innervation: tibial

55
Q

what is the attachment and insertion of the biceps femoris heads

A

attachment: proximal to ischial tuberosity
insertion: long and short head form a common tendon and insert onto the head of the fibula

56
Q

what is the action and innervation of the two biceps femoris muscles

A

action:
long head- extends knee and flexes hip
short head- only flexes knee

innervation:
long head- tibial
short head- common peroneal

57
Q

where does the short head of the biceps fermoris arise from and why is this significant

A

arises from linea aspera

doesn’t travel over hip- cannot move hip, only extend knee

58
Q

what is the attachment, insertion, action and innervation of the hamstring part of adductor magnus?

A

attachment: ischial tuberosity
insertion: adductor tubercle of femur
action: adducts the hip (doesn’t move knee)
innervation: obturator nerve

Anatomy (28 decks)

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