Vessels/ nerves in superior mediastinum Session 3

Question 1

what is the relation of the phrenic nerves and the pleura

Answer 1

runs under the mediastinal pleura

Question 2

what does the phrenic nerve innervation (motor and sensory)

Answer 2

motor- to diaphragm

sensory- to mediastinal pleura

Question 3

what is the path of the phrenic nerve relative to to the hilum and the diaphragm
which phrenic nerve is this

Answer 3

run downs anterior to the hilum and to the dome of diaphragm where it leaves at T8
left and right both run the same path from the thorax down

Question 4

what is the path of the phrenic nerve on the right

Answer 4

runs adjacent to the right brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava

Question 5

what is the path of the phrenic nerve on the left

Answer 5

runs over arch of aorta and along the lateral side of the heart pericardium

Question 6

what is the nerve passes to the left of the aortic arch more left than the phrenic nerve

Answer 6

left vagus nerve

Question 7

what is the path of the vagus nerve from hilum of lung to diaphragm

Answer 7

passes behind root of lung (structures that enter the lung)

joins oesophagus and follows it into abdomen via T10 through the oesophagus

Question 8

where does the vagus nerve give off the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 8

as vagus passes over aortic arch

Question 9

what is the anatomical relationship between the left recurrent nerve and the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 9

left recurrent passes under ligamentum arteriosum

Question 10

what two structures does the recurrent laryngeal nerve travel in between whilst it goes superiorly to the larynx

Answer 10

between trachea and oesophagus

superiorly

Question 11

what two vessels r posterior to the sternum

Answer 11

brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava

Question 12

what r the three branches of the arch of aorta

Answer 12

brachiocephalic trunk (branching to right common carotid and subclavian vessels) and the left
common carotid and left subclavian arteries

Question 13

what type of tissue is the outer layer of pericardium and what does it form

Answer 13

fibrous tissue and tough sac that encloses the heart

Question 14

what does the ascending aorta pass out of the pericardium with

Answer 14

pulmonary trunk

Question 15

what is the transverse sinus of the pericardium

Answer 15

gap between arteries that leave pericardium together and veins that enter pericardium together

Question 16

what r the two branches that feed into the SVC

Answer 16

right and left brachiocephalic vein

Question 17

what does the azygos vein drain into

Answer 17

SVC

Question 18

what is the diaphragmatic surface of heart

Answer 18

inferior

Question 19

what is the sterno-costal surface of heart

Answer 19

anterior

Question 20

What is the ‘base’ surface of the heart

Answer 20

posterior of heart, slightly to the right

Question 21

what is the symptoms of an issue with the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and why

Answer 21

hoarse voice

due to paralysis of vocalis muscle in left vocal cords

Question 22

where is painful stimulation of C3,4,5 felt

Answer 22

side of neck and shoulder