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Microbiology > SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE RODS > Flashcards

SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE RODS Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial Spore Position

CENTRAL

A

Bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

Bacterial Spore Position

TERMINAL

A

Clostridium tetani

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3
Q

Bacterial Spore Position

SUBTERMINAL

A

Clostridium botulinum

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4
Q

Only bacteria w/ AMINO ACID CAPSULE (D-glutamic acid)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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5
Q

McFadyean Reaction

A

polychrome methylene blue – capsule appear PINK
body appear DARK BLUE

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

ANTHRAX

A

CUTANEOUS

  • exotoxin causes localized tissue necrosis
  • eschar formation w/ edema

RESPIRATORY

  • woolsorter’s disease
  • PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE - cause of death
  • hemorrhagic mediastinitis - WIDENED MEDIASTINUM

GI

  • rare but fatal
  • ingestion of infected meat
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7
Q

Calmodulin dependent adenylate cyclase

A

Edema Factor (EF)

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8
Q

INHIBITS signal transduction in cell division

A

Lethal Factor (LF)

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9
Q

Mediates the ENTRY of the other 2 components into cell

A

Protective antigen (PA)

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10
Q

Direct epidermal contact w/ spores causes formation of a MALIGNANT PUSTULE w/ subsequent eschar and central necrosis

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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11
Q

Inhaled spores from animals (Woolsorter’s disease) or from weaponized preparations (bioterrorism)

PROLONGED LATENT PERIOD

MASSIVELY ENLARGED MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODES, pulmonary hemorrhage, meningeal symptoms

A

Inhalational Anthrax

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12
Q

Ingestion of live spores leads to UGI ulceration, edema and sepsis

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

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13
Q

DOC for cutaneous anthrax

A

CIPROFLOXACIN

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14
Q

DOC for inhalational anthrax

A

CIPROFLOXACIN or DOXYCYCLINE w/ one or 2 additional

antibiotics

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15
Q

Drug used for anthrax

A

Raxibacumab - binds w/ PA

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16
Q

The heat resistance of bacterial spores such as those of B. anthracis is due in part to their dehydrated state and in part to the presence of large amounts which of the ff sign?

A

Calcium dipicolinate

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17
Q

MCC of death is PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE in the ff:

A

anthrax (pulmonary) aka woolsorter’s disease

leptospirosis, severe (Weil’s syndrome)

congenital syphilis

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18
Q

similar to enterotoxin of cholera and LT from E. coli

causes ADP-RIBOSYLATION INCREASING cAMP

causes DIARRHEA

A

Bacillus cereus
ENTEROTOXINS

heat LABILE

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19
Q

Staphylococcal-like enterotoxin function as SUPERANTIGEN

causes EMESIS

A

Bacillus cereus
ENTEROTOXINS

heat STABLE

RICE - SUKA

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20
Q

Produces the most potent neurotoxin (BLOCKS THE RELEASE OF ACETYCHOLINE from THE PRESYNAPTIC NERVE TERMINALS) – flaccid

A

Clostridium botulinum

21
Q

TRIAD OF BOTULISM

A

symmetric descending flaccid paralysis - w/ prominent bulbar involvement

absence of fever

intact sensorium

22
Q

Occurs when babies ingest spores found in household dust or honey

d.t. absence of competitive bowel microbes

A

Infant Botulism (Floppy Baby Syndrome)

23
Q

Protease that cleaves proteins involved in the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

Prevents release of GABA by cleaving of synaptobrevin 2

GABA and glycine - inhibitory

A

Tetanospasmin (Tetanus Toxin)

24
Q

Muscles affected in tetanus toxoid

A

Risus sardonicus - ORBICULARIS ORIS

Lock jaw (trismus) - muscles of mastication - MASSETER, LATERAL PTERYGOID, TEMPORALIS

Opisthotonos - ERECTOR SPINAE

25
Q

In a patient sustaining cat bite below the angle of the mandible, 3 mm in size, w/ nonspontaneous bleeding, which of the ff PEP should be given?

A. rabies vaccine + rabies Ig
B. rabies vaccine + tetanus vaccine
C. rabies vaccine + tetanus vaccine + tig
D. rabies vaccine + rabies Ig+ tetanus vaccine + tig

A

D. rabies vaccine + rabies Ig+ tetanus vaccine + tig

26
Q

Drug for tetanus

A

METRONIDAZOLE - 400 mg rectally OR 500 mg IV q6 for 7 days

Penicillin - ALTERNATIVE

27
Q

DOUBLE HEMOLYSIS on blood agar

EGG YOLC AGAR - nonmotile but with rapidly spreading growth on culture media

A

Clostridium perfringens

28
Q

LECITHINASE that cleaves cell membrane and causes GAS GANGRENE

A

ALPHA TOXIN
Clostridium perfringens

*Nagler’s reaction

29
Q

Responsible for food poisoning (enteritis necroticans/pig bel disease)

A

BETA TOXIN

Clostridium perfringens

30
Q

MCC of superinfection

PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS

severe diarrhea, abdominal cramping

A

Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile

31
Q

Drug of choice in treating pseudomembranous colitis

A

VANCOMYCIN (PO)
-poor intestinal absorption; coats the lesions w/ antibiotics

METRONIDAZOLE (PO)

32
Q

Antibiotics suppress normal flora, allowing C. difficile to overgrow

A

CLINDAMYCIN
AMPICILLIN
2nd and 3rd gen CEPHALOSPORINS

33
Q

Nonbloody diarrhea associated w/ PSEUDOMEMBRANES (yellow-white plaques) on the colonic mucosa

A

pseudomembranous colitis

34
Q

Nontraumatic myonecrosis in immunocompromised patients

A

C. septicum

35
Q

Toxic shock syndrome associated w/ septic abortion

A

C. sordellii

36
Q

Traumatic wound infections

A

C. tertium

37
Q

Edema Toxin

A

PA + EF = edema toxin

38
Q

Lethal Toxin

A

PA + LF

39
Q

Important virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis

A

Protective antigen

40
Q

Young man sustains major soft tissue injury and open fracture of his right leg. One day later he has fever, increased HR, sweating and restlessness. On examination leg is swollen and tenses. The skin if the leg is cool, pale, white and shining. (+) Crepitus

serum shows free hemoglobin

A. Clostridim tetani
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Escherichia coli
D. Bacillus anthracis
E. Clostridium perfringens
A

E. Clostridium perfringens

PENICILLIN G

41
Q

Responsible for hemolysis in gas gangrene caused by C. perfringens

A

LECITHINASE

42
Q

Reported incubation period for INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX

A

6 weeks

43
Q

Food commonly associated w/ Bacillus cereus food poisoning

A

Fried rice

44
Q

Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) diffuses to terminal of inhibitory cells in the spinal cord and brainstem and blocks

A

release of inhibitory glycine and GABA

45
Q

Which of the ff statements about tetanus and tetanus toxoid is correct?

A. Tetanus toxin kills neurons
B. Tetanus toxoid immunization has a 10% failure rate
C. The mortality rate of generalized tetanus is <1%
D. Double vision is commonly the first sign of tetanus
E. Tetanus acts on inhibitor interneuron synapses

A

E. Tetanus acts on inhibitor interneuron synapses

46
Q

Infant botulinum has been associated w/ all of the ff Clostridium species EXCEPT

A. Clostridium baratti
B. Clostridium septicum
C. Clostridium butyricum
D. Clostridium botulinum

A

B. Clostridium septicum

47
Q

All of the ff are properties characteristic of Bacillus anthracis EXCEPT

A. motility on wet mount exam
B. medusa head colonies
C. poly-D glutamic acid capsule
D. in vitro susceptibility to penicillin
E. absence of hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar
A

A. motility on wet mount exam

48
Q

Large gram positive rod that cause NECROSIS of tissue by producing an exotoxin that DEGRADES LECITHIN – lysis of cell mebranes

A

Clorstridium perfringes

Microbiology (106 decks)

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