3.1-3.3

Question 1

tissue fluid is also called ___

Answer 1

interstitial fluid

Question 2

___ is formed from ATP an dis the most common second messenger

Answer 2

cyclic AMP

Question 3

the layer of carbohydrates coating a cell membrane is called the ___

Answer 3

glycocalyx

Question 4

ion channels (def)

Answer 4

integral proteins of cell membrane that allows ions to pass through

Question 5

flagella (def and function)

Answer 5

type of surface extension

propulsion of cell

Question 6

microvilli (def and function)

Answer 6

type of surface extension

increase surface area, as for absorption

Question 7

cilia (def and function)

Answer 7

type of surface extension

move a substance along a cell surface

Question 8

cyclic AMP activates cellular enzymes known as ___

Answer 8

kinases

Question 9

the fluidity of the plasma membrane is primarily provided by the ___

Answer 9

phospholipids

Question 10

what are examples of passive transport?

Answer 10

filtration
pass diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

Question 11

components of the plasma membrane called ___ and ___ help form the glycocalyx

Answer 11

glycoproteins
glycolipids

Question 12

cilia (structure)

Answer 12

short ‘hairs’ w/ axoneme cores

Question 13

flagellum (structure)

Answer 13

single long structure w/ an axoneme core

Question 14

microvilli (structure)

Answer 14

folds of cell membrane; may have actin core

Question 15

cell receptors are sometimes linked to which type of intracellular peripheral protein?

Answer 15

G peripheral protein

Question 16

would this increase rate of diffusion?

increased concentration difference

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

would this increase rate of diffusion?

increased cell surface area

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

would this increase rate of diffusion?

decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

would this increase rate of diffusion?

increased temperature

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

transport mechanisms like filtration, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis are examples of which of the following forms of transport?

Answer 20

passive

Question 21

filtration (def)

Answer 21

process in which a physical pressure forces fluid thru a selectively permeable membrane

Question 22

movement of gas molecules b/n air in lungs and the blood or b/n blood and the tissues is by which process?

Answer 22

diffusion

Question 23

which can readily diffuse thru a cell membrane?

Answer 23

nonpolar molecules
lipid-soluble molecules
hydrophobic molecules
small molecules

Question 24

smaller molecules diffuse ___ larger molecules

Answer 24

faster than

Question 25

the greater or steeper the concentration gradient, the ___ the rate of diffusion

Answer 25

faster

Question 26

osmosis (def)

Answer 26

diffusion of water down its concentration gradient thru a selectively permeable membrane

Question 27

is facilitated diffusion an example of passive transport?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

tonicity (def)

Answer 28

the ability of a solution to cause osmosis, affecting volume and pressure in the cell

Question 29

aquaporins (what are they)

Answer 29

membrane channels that allow the movement of water across a membrane

Question 30

what salt solution would be isotonic to human red blood cells?

Answer 30

0.9%

Question 31

the greater the concentration of a non permeating solute present in a solution, the ___ the osmotic pressure of that solution

Answer 31

higher

Question 32

tonicity (def)

Answer 32

ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell

Question 33

carrier-mediated transport

Answer 33

solute binds to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane

Question 34

a hypotonic solution has a ___ osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of the cel and tends to cause somatic swelling and lysis of cells

Answer 34

lower

Question 35

3 examples of carrier-mediated transport

Answer 35

facilitated diffusion
primary active transport
secondary active transport

Question 36

a ___ solution has a higher osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of cells and tends to cause the cells to undergo osmotic shrinkage

Answer 36

higher tonic = higher solute concentration = higher osmotic pressure –> hypertonic

Question 37

what membrane transport process consumes ATP and uses a carrier?

Answer 37

active

Question 38

the ___ assures that the ECF concentration of sodium remains much higher than the ICF concentration

Answer 38

sodium-potassium pump

Question 39

what is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called?

Answer 39

a carrier

Question 40

vesicular transport (what does it do)

Answer 40

moves large particles, droplets of fluid, or numerous molecules at once thru the membrane, contained in bubblelike vesicles of membrane

Question 41

2 types of vesicular transport (and what they do)

Answer 41

endocytosis – vesicular process that brings matter into cell

exocytosis – vesicular process that release matter out of cell

both endocytosis and exocytosis employ motor proteins whose movements are energized by ATP

Question 42

which form of vesicular transport uses motor proteins to bring Sufi and solutes into the cell?

Answer 42

endocytosis

Question 43

in which process do receptors bind their ligand, cluster together into a pit, and then are taken into the cell w/in a vesicle?

Answer 43

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 44

the Na+ – K+ pump moves ___ Na+ ions from the ICF to the ECF while simultaneously moving ___ K+ ions from the ECF into the ICF

Answer 44

3, 2

Question 45

exocytosis (what happens)

Answer 45

secretory vesicle fuses w/ a cell membrane and releases its contents into the extracellular space

Question 46

carrier-mediated transport (how does it work)

Answer 46

solute binds to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane

Question 47

what are the 3 types of endocytosis?

Answer 47

receptor-mediated
phagocytosis
pinocytosis

Question 48

phagocytosis (what is it)

Answer 48

a type of endocytosis
“cell eating”
process of engulfing particles such as bacteria, dust, and cellular debris

Question 49

receptor-mediated endocytosis (what is it)

Answer 49

form of vesicular transport
receptors bind a ligand then cluster into pits that pinch off into vesicles