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BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology > 5.3 – Connective Tissue > Flashcards

5.3 – Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

___ are the most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues

A

connective tissues

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2
Q

connective tissues include…

A

fibrous tissue
adipose tissue
cartilage
bone
blood

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3
Q

as a rule, connective tissue cells…

A

occupy less space than the extracellular matrix

usually their cells are not in direct contact w/ each other, but are separated by expanses of matrix

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4
Q

connective tissues vary greatly in ___, from rich networks of blood vessels in the loose connective tissues to few or no blood vessels in cartilage

A

vascularity

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5
Q

functions of connective tissue:

A

binding of organs
support
physical protection
immune protection
movement
storage
heat production
transport

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6
Q

___ connective tissue is the most diverse type of connective tissue

A

fibrous

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7
Q

components of fibrous connective tissue:

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
leukocytes
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes

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8
Q

components of fibrous connective tissue:

fibroblasts

A

large, stellate cells that often show slender, wispy branches

provide the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of the tissue

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9
Q

components of fibrous connective tissue:

macrophages

A

large phagocytic cells that wander thru the connective tissues

engulf or destroy bacteria, other foreign particles, and dead or dying cells of our own body

activate the immune system when they sense foreign matter called antigens

arise from white blood cells called monocytes or other stem cells

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10
Q

components of fibrous connective tissue:

leukocytes (WBCs)

A

travel briefly in bloodstream and spend time in connective tissue

2 most common types:
neutrophils – wander about attacking bacteria

lymphocytes – react against bacteria, toxins, and other foreign agents. Often form dense patches in the mucous membranes

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11
Q

components of fibrous connective tissue:

plasma cells

A

certain lymphocytes turn into plasma cells when they detect foreign agents

plasma cells synthesize disease-fighting proteins called antibodies

usually seen in wall of intestines and inflamed tissue

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12
Q

components of fibrous connective tissue:

mast cells

A

secrete a chemical called heparin that inhibits blood clotting

secrete another chemical called histamine that increases blood flow by dilating blood vessels

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13
Q

components of fibrous connective tissue:

adipocytes (fat cells)

A

appear in small clusters in some fibrous connective tissues.

when they dominate an area, the tissue is called adipose tissue

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14
Q

of the 4 classes of tissue, ___ tissues are the most abundant, widely distributed, and historically variable of the primary tissues

A

connective

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15
Q

___ types of protein fibers are found in fibrous connective tissues

A

3

collagenous fibers
reticular fibers
elastic fibers

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16
Q

3 types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissues:

collagenous fibers (def)

A

made of collagen
tough and flexible
resist stretching
body’s most abundant protein

has glistening white appearance –> “white fibers”

make up tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of skin

collagen pervades the matrix of cartilage and bone

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17
Q

3 types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissues:

reticular fibers (def)

A

thin collagen fibers coated w/ glycoprotein

form a spongelike framework for organs like spleen and lymph nodes and constitute part of the basement membranes underlying epithelia

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18
Q

3 types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissues:

elastic fibers (def)

A

thinner than collagenous fibers –> branch and rejoin each other along their course

made of elastin protein, coated with a glycoprotein (fibrillar)

the coiled structure of elastin allows it to stretch and recoil like a rubber band

elastic fibers account for the ability of the skin, lungs, and arteries to spring back after they are stretched

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19
Q

fibrous connective tissue is divided into 2 broad categories according to ___

2 broad categories:

A

relative abundance of fiber

loose and dense connective tissue

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20
Q

types of fibrous connective tissue:

loose connective tissue description

2 types

A

consists more of ground substance than fibers

areolar and reticular tissue

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21
Q

types of fibrous connective tissue:

dense connective tissue

2 types

A

fiber occupies more space than the cells and ground substance

appears closely packed in tissue section

dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue

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22
Q

loose connective tissue:

areolar tissue:

appearance:

A

loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers

scattered cells of various types

abundant ground substance

numerous blood vessels

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23
Q

loose connective tissue:

areolar tissue:

representative locations:

A

underlying nearly all epithelia

surrounding blood vessels, nerves, esophagus, and trachea

fascia b/n muscles, mesenteries, visceral layers of pericardium and pleura

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24
Q

loose connective tissue:

areolar tissue:

functions:

A

loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissues

allows passage of nerves and blood vessels thru other tissues

provides an arena for immune defense

blood vessels provide nutrients and waste removal for overlying epithelia

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25
Q

loose connective tissue:

reticular tissue:

appearance:

A

loose network of reticular fibers and cells

infiltrated w/ numerous leukocytes, especially lymphocytes

26
Q

loose connective tissue:

reticular tissue:

representative locations:

A

lymph nodes
spleen
thymus
bone marrow

27
Q

loose connective tissue:

reticular tissue:

function:

A

forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs

28
Q

while preparing some chicken wings for cooking, observe white fibers connecting the bones and the muscles to bone. What type of fibers are these?

A

collagenous

29
Q

of the 4 main tissue types, ___ tissues fills the spaces b/n other tissues and binds tissues to one another

A

connective

30
Q

the 2 broad categories of fibrous connective tissue, based on the relative abundance of fibers, are ___ connective tissues

A

loose
dense

31
Q

which connective tissue contains loosely arranged cells, elastic fibers, and collagenous fibers?

A

areolar connective tissue

32
Q

which connective tissue is composed of loosely arranged reticular fibers and lymphocytes?

A

reticular connective tissue

33
Q

which cell types are found in fibrous connective tissues?

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
leukocytes
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes

34
Q

where is dense regular connective tissue found?

A

tendons and ligaments

35
Q

what are the 3 fiber types found in fibrous connective tissue?

A

collagenous fibers
reticular fibers
elastic fibers

36
Q

where would dense irregular connective tissue be found?

A

deeper portion of dermis of skin
capsules around viscera such as liver, kidney, spleen
fibrous sheaths around cartilage and bones

37
Q

what are the 2 broad categories of fibrous connective tissue based on their relative abundance of fibers?

A

dense and loose

38
Q

functions of ___ tissue include energy storage and thermal insulation

A

adipose

39
Q

where would areolar connective tissue be found?

A

underlying nearly all epithelia

surrounding blood vessels, nerves, esophagus, and trachea

fascia b/n muscles

mesenteries

visceral layers of pericardium and pleura

40
Q

___ is type of supportive connective tissue w/ a relatively rigid, but flexible matrix

A

cartilage

41
Q

where is reticular tissue found?

A

lymph nodes
spleen
thymus
bone marrow

42
Q

which cartilage is characterized by bundles of coarse collagenous fibers in the matrix?

A

fibrocartilage

43
Q

in dense regular connective tissue, the collagen fibers are ___

A

closely packed

44
Q

what is a location of dense irregular tissue?

A

fibrous sheath around bones

45
Q

adipocytes are the predominant cell type in which connective tissue?

A

adipose

46
Q

the tissue found w/in the heads of long bones and the middle layer of flat bones is ___ bone

A

spongy

47
Q

which of the following is a relatively vascular class of connective tissue?

A

cartilage

48
Q

hyaline cartilage is named for its ___, ___ appearance, which stems from the usually ___ ___ of its collagen fibers

A

clear, glassy

invisible fineness

49
Q

elastic cartilage is named for its ___ ___ fibers

A

conspicuous elastic

50
Q

fibrocartilage is named for its ___, readily ___ bundles of collagen

A

coarse

visible

51
Q

elastic cartilage and most hyaline cartilage are surrounded by a sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue called ___

A

perichondrium

52
Q

perichondrium (def)

A

sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage

53
Q

bone tissue is also known as ___ tissue

A

osseous tissue

54
Q

the ground substance of blood is ___

A

plasma

55
Q

unlike other connective tissues, blood doesn’t exhibit ___ except when it ___

A

fibers

clots

56
Q

which tissue would be the best at resisting pulling forces applied from several directions?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

57
Q

what are the formed elements of blood?

A

3 things:

erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets

58
Q

where would you find spongy bone?

A

in the heads of long bones
w/in the interior of flat and irregular bones

59
Q

___ is a type of supportive connective tissue w/ a relatively rigid, but flexible matrix

A

cartilage

60
Q

the liquid portion of blood is called ___

A

plasma

61
Q

erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes are types of which of the following?

A

formed elements

BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology (58 decks)

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