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BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology > 5.2 – Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

5.2 – Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue (def)

A

consists of a sheet of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick
upper surface usually exposed to the environment or to an internal space in the body

covers the body surface, lines body cavities, forms the external and internal linings of many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue

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2
Q

epithelial tissue (functions)

A

protection
secretion
excretion
absorption
filtration
sensation

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3
Q

between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue is a layer called the ___

A

basement membrane

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4
Q

basement membrane contains…

A

collagen, glycoproteins, and other protein-carb complexes

blends into the proteins of the connective tissue

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5
Q

basement membrane serves to…

A

anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue
controls the exchange of materials b/n the epithelium and the underlying tissues
binds growth factors from below that regulate epithelial development

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6
Q

basement membrane (location)

A

b/n an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue layer

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7
Q

basal surface (def)

A

the surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane is its basal surface

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8
Q

apical surface (def)

A

the surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from basement membrane toward the body surface/internal cavity (lumen) or an organ

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9
Q

lateral surface (def)

A

surface of an epithelial cell that is b/n the basal and apical surfaces

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10
Q

what is the function of the basement membrane?

A

to adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue

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11
Q

which term is used to describe the free surface of an epithelium?

A

apical

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12
Q

which tissue type covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, forms the internal and external linings of many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue?

A

epithelial

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13
Q

classes of epithelium:

A

simple
pseudostratified
stratified

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14
Q

epithelial cell shapes:

A

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

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15
Q

simple squamous epithelium:

appearance:

A

single layer of thin cells

nucleus flattened in plane of the cell

looks like a flattened egg where nucleus is the yolk

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16
Q

simple squamous epithelium:

representative locations:

A

air sacs (alveoli) of lungs

kidney tubules and capsules

inner lining (endothelium) of heart and blood vessels

serous membranes of stomach, intestines

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17
Q

simple squamous epithelium:

functions:

A

allows rapid diffusion or transport of substances thru membrane

secretes lubricating serous fluid

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18
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium:

appearance:

A

single layer of square or round cells
spherical, central nuclei

in glands: look pyramidal

some have brush border of microvilli in kidney

some are ciliated in lung

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19
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium:

representative locations:

A

liver
thyroid
mammary, salivary glands
most kidney tubules

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20
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium:

functions:

A

absorption and secretion
production of protective mucous coat
movement of respiratory mucus

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21
Q

simple columnar epithelium:

appearance:

A

single layer of tall, narrow cells
oval or sausage-shaped nuclei

vertically oriented

often has brush border of microvilli, ciliated in some organs

may possess goblet cells

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22
Q

simple columnar epithelium:

representative locations:

A

inner lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder, uterus, and uterine tubes

some kidney tubules

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23
Q

simple columnar epithelium:

functions:

A

absorption, secretion of mucus and other products

movement of egg and embryo in uterine tube

24
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium:

appearance:

A

looks multilayered, all cells reach basement membrane

nuclei at several levels in deeper half of epithelium

often w/ goblet cells

often ciliated

25
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium:

representative locations:

A

respiratory tract from nasal cavity to bronchi

portions of male urethra

26
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium:

functions:

A

secretes and propels mucus

27
Q

goblet cells (def)

A

wineglass-shaped cells

produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes

often located in simple columnar and pseudo stratified columnar epithelia

28
Q

a specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below is a ___ membrane

A

basement

29
Q

the epithelium consisting of one layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane, but appear to be arranged in layers, is ___ epithelium

A

simple

(pseudo stratified)

30
Q

the free surface of the epithelial layer describes the ___ surface

A

apical

31
Q

stratified squamous epithelium – keratinized:

appearance:

A

multiple cell layers w/ cells becoming increasingly flat and scaly toward surface

surface covered w/ layer of compact dead cells w/o nuclei

basal cells may be cuboidal to columnar

32
Q

stratified squamous epithelium – keratinized:

representative locations:

A

epidermis

palms and soles are especially heavily keratinized

33
Q

stratified squamous epithelium –keratinized:

functions:

A

resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms

retards water loss thru skin

34
Q

stratified squamous epithelium –nonkeratinized:

appearance:

A

multiple cell layers w/ cells becoming increasingly flat and scaly toward surface

same as keratinized epithelium but w/o the surface layer of dead cells

basal cells may be cuboidal to columnar

35
Q

stratified squamous epithelium –nonkeratinized:

representative locations:

A

tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, anal canal, vagina

36
Q

stratified squamous epithelium –nonkeratinized:

functions:

A

resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic. organisms

37
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium:

appearance:

A

2 or more layers of cells

surface cells square or round

38
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium:

representative locations:

A

sweat gland ducts

egg-producing vesicles (follicles) or ovaries

sperm-producting ducts (seminiferous tubules) of testis

39
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium:

functions:

A

contribuest to sweat secretion

secretes ovarian hormones

produces sperm

40
Q

urothelium (def)

A

AKA transitional epithelium

type of stratified epithelia

unique to the urinary tract

41
Q

stratified epithelia range from ___ to ___ layers of cells, w/ some cells resting directly on others and only the deepest layers attached to the ___ ___

A

2 to 20

basement membrane

42
Q

urothelium:

appearance:

A

somewhat resembles stratified squamous epithelium, but surface cells are rounded, not flattened

typically 5 or 6 cells thick when relaxed and 2 to 3 cells thick when stretched

cells may be flatter and thinner when urothelium is stretched

some cells have 2 nuclei

43
Q

urothelium:

representative locations:

A

urinary tract – part of kidney, bladder, part of urethra

44
Q

urothelium:

functions:

A

stretches to allow filling of urinary tract

protects underlying tissues form osmotic damage by urine

45
Q

most widespread epithelium in the body is ___

A

stratified squamous epithelium

46
Q

stratified squamous epithelium:

the deepest layers of cells are ___ to ___and include mitotically active stem cells

their daughter cells push toward the surface and become ___ (more ___) as they migrate farther and upward, until they finally die and flake off. Their loss is called ___

A

cuboidal

columnar

flatter (more scaly)

exfoliation

47
Q

what are the 4 types of stratified epithelia?

A

stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
stratified columnar epithelia
urothelium (transitional epithelium)

48
Q

what is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

to move fluid thru tubules

49
Q

what are cells that have a square or round shape?

A

cuboidal

50
Q

which epithelium is best suited for resisting abrasion and preventing pathogen entry into deeper tissues?

A

stratified squamous

51
Q

epithelial cells that have a flat and scaly shape are classified as ___ cells

A

squamous

52
Q

which layers w/in a stratified epithelium undergo mitosis?

A

basal layers

53
Q

what are the 4 types of stratified epithelia?

A

stratified columnar
stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
transitional

54
Q

where would transitional epithelium be found?

A

lining the lumen of the urinary bladder

55
Q

stratified ___ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium of the body

A

squamous

(covers the skin)

56
Q

the basal cells of a stratified epithelium undergo ___ allowing more epithelial cells to be produced

A

mitosis

57
Q

what is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

to allow stretching

BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology (58 decks)

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