12.1 Study Guide Flashcards
(13 cards)
Definition of natural selection:
The process where animals with a better fitness survive and reproduce more often to pass down their traits.
Definition of genetic drift:
Random change in a gene pool over time due to circumstances.
Definition of variation:
The differences between individuals within a population.
Definition of fitness
An animal’s ability to survive and reproduce to pass on their traits. Better fitness = Better chance of a next generation.
Definition of differential reproduction
The variation in reproductive rates among individuals.
Definition of adaptation
A genetic variation passed on in the germline through inheritance
Name the five fingers of evolution:
-Small population(population shrinkage)
-Non-random mating
-Mutation
-Movement(gene flow)
-Natural selection
How does this cause changes in alleles frequencies: Small population(population shrinkage)
Small populations are more susceptible to genetic drift. Less people mean less genetic diversity, meaning a smaller gene pool to pick from.
How does this cause changes in alleles frequencies: Non-random mating
It changes genotype frequencies.
How does this cause changes in alleles frequencies: Mutation
Introducing new alleles in the gene pool.
How does this cause changes in alleles frequencies: Movement(gene flow)
Introducing and taking away alleles in the gene pool and changes the frequencies of alleles.
How does this cause changes in alleles frequencies: Natural selection
Favors certain alleles, increasing the frequency of this allele in the gene pool.
What are the similarities between natural selection and genetic drift?
They cause changes in the gene pool, they change alleles.
