8.1 Study Guide

Question 1

Griffith’s “Transforming Principle” Procedure

Answer 1

Quick Overlook: Four mice are injected with either smooth strain, rough strain, or a mix. Smooth strain killed one mouse. Rough strain didn’t kill one mouse. A heat-killed smooth strain didn’t kill one mouse. A heat-killed smooth strain and rough strain killed one mouse.

Question 2

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty procedure

Answer 2

Quick Overlook: Heat Killed smooth Strain has proteins, RNA, and DNA removed one by one. If the mouse survives the scientists find the hidden factor missing from Griffith’s experiment. They find that only when DNA is removed, the mouse survives.

Question 3

Hershey-Chase Experiment procedure

Answer 3

Quick Overlook: Radioactive Sulfur 35 and Radioactive Phosphorous 32 into two different viruses of the same kind. It was to check if DNA or protein is the missing factor. It is found that DNA is the missing factor after infection, blending, and centrifugation.

Question 4

Parts of a nucleotide:

Answer 4

Hydrogen bond, phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, covalent bond, carbons( 5’, 4’, 3’, 2’, 1’)

Question 5

Structure of a DNA molecule

Answer 5

Traits: Phospates must be on the outside of a DNA molecule, DNA is composed of two strands, the DNA strands form a double helix, and the nucleotide bases pair in the middle like ladder rungs.

Question 6

Similarities between DNA and RNA

Answer 6

Phosphate groups, nitrogenous base, sugar bond

Question 7

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 7

Differential purposes, differently stranded(double and single